Interictal alterations of cytokines and leukocytes in patients with active epilepsy |
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Authors: | Nowak Mareike Bauer Sebastian Haag Anja Cepok Sabine Todorova-Rudolph Anelia Tackenberg Björn Norwood Braxton Oertel Wolfgang H Rosenow Felix Hemmer Bernhard Hamer Hajo M |
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Institution: | a University of Marburg, Department of Neurology, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35033 Marburg, Germany b Technical University of Munich, Department of Neurology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany c Klinikum Weilmünster, Department of Neurology, Weilstrasse 10, 35789 Weilmünster, Germany |
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Abstract: | BackgroundInvolvement of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of epilepsies has been suggested but possible interactions between the immune system and human epilepsy remain unclear. We analyzed the interictal immuno-phenotype of leukocyte subsets and proinflammatory cytokine profiles in epileptic patients and correlated them with the epilepsy syndrome.Methods101 patients with active focal or generalized epilepsy were prospectively included and compared to 36 healthy controls. Immuno-phenotype of leukocyte subsets and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and tnfα were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate analyses were performed to test group differences.ResultsAs compared to controls, the patients showed an elevated percentage of monocytes (18.06 ± 7.08% vs. 12.68 ± 4.55%, p < 0.001), NK cells (14.88 ± 7.08% vs. 11.43 ± 5.41%, p = 0.019) and IL-6 concentration (3.33 ± 3.11 pg/ml vs. 1.5 ± 1.36 pg/ml, p = 0.002). This remained true when focal epilepsies or generalized epilepsies were compared separately to controls but only focal epilepsies showed additionally a decrease in B lymphocyts (8.16 ± 3.76% vs. 11.54 ± 4.2%, p < 0.001). Treatment with lamotrigine was associated with a higher percentage of B lymphocytes and valproate with an increased percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Therapy with levetiracetam showed a trend towards decreased CD8+ T cell counts. No significant differences were seen between focal and generalized epilepsies and between temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsies.ConclusionPatients with active epilepsy revealed interictal alterations of the immune system which varied among specific syndromes and were influenced by antiepileptic drug treatment. |
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Keywords: | Epilepsy Interictal changes IL-6 Monocytes NK cells Hippocampal sclerosis CD4+ T lymphocytes CD8+ T lymphocytes Valproate Levetiracetam |
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