声带息肉临床形态和病理特征观察

目的观察声带息肉的临床形态和病理特征。方法选择在海军总医院进行手术储存图像清晰的156例声带息肉患者的喉内镜图像及其临床资料进行分析。其中男性88例，女性68例；年龄14～76岁，中位数43．0岁；病程1～132个月，中位数6．5个月。右侧声带息肉57例，左侧61例，双侧38例。患者有单个声带息肉的118例，2个声带息肉的36例，3个声带息肉的2例。无蒂型声带息肉129例（声带息肉的基底长度大于或等于与声带息肉基底平行的声带息肉的最大径），有蒂型声带息肉27例（声带息肉的基底长度小于与声带息肉基底平行的声带息肉的最大径）。所有标本经福尔马林溶液固定，常规石蜡包埋、切片，HE染色观察。结果根据喉镜照片，对比病理观察结果把声带息肉分为五型：水肿型、血管扩张型、出血型和出血血栓型、纤维型、淀粉样变性型。156例声带息肉患者中水肿型70例（44．9％），无蒂者66例，有蒂者4例；血管扩张型49例（31．4％），无蒂者47例，有蒂者2例；纤维型15例（9．6％），无蒂者5例，有蒂者10例；出血型或出血血栓型13例（8．3％），无蒂者10例，有蒂者3例；淀粉样变性型9例（5．8％），无蒂者1例，有蒂者8例。不同类型声带息肉患者的病程进行统计分析，各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论根据临床形态将声带息肉划为不同的类型对指导临床工作有一定意义，对一部分水肿型、血管扩张型和出血型声带息肉，病变比较小、病程较短的患者可考虑保守治疗。纤维型声带息肉和淀粉样变性型声带息肉一般需要手术切除，淀粉样变性型声带息肉应注意与喉癌相鉴别。

Clinical shapes of vocal cord polyps and their pathological features

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical shapes of vocal cord polyps and their pathological features. METHODS: The laryngoscopic photographs of 156 patients with vocal cord polyps were reviewed. All patients received phonomicrosurgery. Eighty eight males and 68 females were included. Their ages ranged from 14 to 76 years (median 43.0 years). The clinical courses of the diseases were 1 to 132 months (median 6.5 months). There were 57 cases with right vocal cord polyps, 61 cases with left vocal cord polyps, 38 cases with bilateral vocal cord polyps. The vocal cord polyps with pedicles were found in 27 cases, without pedicles in 129 cases. The specimens of the vocal cord polyps were fixed in formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut, stained with HE method, and observed under light microscope. RESULTS: The vocal cord polyps were classified into 5 types according to the clinical shapes of vocal cord polyps and their pathological features: edematous type in 70 cases (44.9%), vascular type in 49 cases (31.4%), fibrous type in 15 cases (9.6%), hemorrhagic or thrombotic type in 13 cases (8.3%), and amyloid type in 9 cases (5.8%). The clinical courses among the five types of vocal cord polyps had no statistic significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The classification of the vocal cord polyp according to the clinical shapes of vocal cord polyps has clinical significance for the treatment. Some vocal cord polyps of edematous type, vascular type and hemorrhagic type can be cured with voice therapy. The vocal cord polyps of fibrous type and amyloid type need treatment with phonomicrosurgery. The differentiation diagnosis between amyloid type vocal cord polyps and vocal cord carcinoma should be made.