罗庄区贫血妇女健康教育干预效果分析

目的了解罗庄区妇女贫血状况及居民对铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识、态度、行为（KAP）情况,探讨有效健康教育干预措施并评价其效果。方法于2007年采取随机整群抽样对罗庄区4个办事处的1258名18～60岁妇女进行血红蛋白检测以及铁缺乏和铁强化酱油KAP问卷调查。在社区健康教育基地开展铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识健康教育干预1年后,对同一检测点的1216名18～60岁的妇女再次进行血红蛋白检测以及铁缺乏和铁强化酱油KAP问卷调查,评价干预效果。结果 2007年罗庄区被调查的妇女贫血率38.63%,铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识平均知晓率60.95%,正向态度率为79.00%,铁强化酱油食用率为29.75%。健康教育干预1年后,妇女的贫血率下降为27.79%,其中2次调查相同妇女的贫血率从36.45%下降为24.77%;铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识知晓率比干预前提高28.70%;正向态度率比干预前提高14.25%;铁强化酱油食用率比干预前提高36.50%;差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,干预指数均〉1。结论在社区健康教育基地开展铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识的健康教育是降低妇女贫血率的有效措施,对人们选择铁强化酱油及防治缺铁性贫血的知识-态度-行为改善有积极作用。

Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention on Anemia in Women of Luozhuang District

Objective To know the situation of women with anemia and their KAP （knowledge,attitude and practice） about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce in Luozhuang District,and to evaluate the effect of the effective health education of iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce.Methods With random and cluster sampling method,1,258 women aged between 18 to 60 years in four administrative offices of Luozhuang District in 2007 were selected to detect hemoglobin and to conduct a questionnaire survey on KAP about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce.After carrying out one-year community health education about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce,hemoglobin was detected and KAP survey about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce was conducted again.The effectiveness of intervention was assessed.Results The incidence rate of anemia among the investigated women in Luozhuang District in 2007 was 38.63%.The average awareness rate of iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce was 60.95%.The rate of positive attitude was 79.00%.The consumption rate of NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce was 29.75%.After one-year health education intervention,the incidence rate of anemia among the women was decreased to 27.79%,and the two investigated results showed that the incidence rate of anemia was dropped from 36.45% to 24.77%.The awareness rate of iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce was 28.70 percentage points higher than that before the intervention.The positive attitude rate was 14.25 percentage points higher than that before the intervention.The consumption rate of NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce was 36.50 percentage points higher than that before the intervention.And the difference was statistically significant between before and after the intervention （P〈0.01）.All the indexes of intervention were beyond 1.Conclusions It would be an effective measure to decrease the anemia rate by conducting community health education about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce.Health education plays a positive role in improving people’s KAP about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce in Luozhuang.