早产儿管饲时不同体位并发症发生及护理措施分析

目的：探讨早产儿管饲时不同体位并发症的发生及分析有效护理的措施，以提高早产儿经口胃管喂养的安全性与有效性。方法选取2011年9月-2013年9月该院收治的84例经口胃管喂养的早产儿作为研究对象，按早产儿管饲时采取的体位差异，分成仰卧位组、俯卧位组和右侧卧位组各28例，观察3组早产儿管饲后产生并发症的情况。结果早产儿管饲常见的最严重的并发症为腹胀，采取针对性的有效护理措施后，右侧卧位组和俯卧位组腹胀发生率分别为10.7%及7.1%，明显低于右仰卧位组的53.6%，其他并发症发生率均低于右仰卧位组，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论早产儿管饲后采用右侧卧位和俯卧位，与仰卧位比效果更好，能显著降低管饲并发症的发生率。早产儿经口管饲过程中必须采取合适的体位及妥善的固定方法、加强患儿口腔护理与呼吸情况的监测、及时处理恶心等并发症，可有效减少并发症发生。

Analysis of Complications Occurred in Different Positions and Nursing Measures During Tube Feeding of Preterm Infants

Objective To investigate the complications occurred in different positions and analyze effective nursing measures dur-ing tube feeding of preterm infants, so as to improve the safety and effectiveness of oral gastric tube feeding of preterm infants. Methods 84 cases of preterm infants admitted into our hospital from September, 2011 to September, 2013 were selected as the subjects of study. They were all given oral gastric tube feeding. They were divided into the supine group, prone group and right lateral group according to different positions during tube feeding, with 28 cases in each group. The incidence of complications was observed after tube feeding in three groups. Results The most serious complication during tube feeding of preterm infants was ab-dominal distension. After taking targeted effective nursing measures, the incidence of abdominal distension during tube feeding in right lateral group and prone group was 10.7%, 7.1%, respectively, which was significantly lower than right supine group＆#39;s 53.6%;the incidences of other complications of the former two groups were lower than that of the right supine group, the differences be-tween the groups were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The effects after tube feeding in right lateral and prone posi-tions are better than the supine position in preterm infants, which could significantly reduce the incidence of complications. Ap-propriate positions and proper fixation methods are necessary for preterm infants during oral gastric tube feeding. The monitoring of oral nursing and respiratory conditions should be strengthened. The complications such as nausea should be timely treated. These measures could effectively reduce the incidence of complications.