云贵高原黄花蒿种质资源农艺性状的多样性和聚类分析

目的:对云贵高原黄花蒿种质资源的农艺性状进行田间观测和鉴定,为揭示我国黄花蒿种质资源多样性和提高种质资源利用率提供依据。方法:采用目测和测量的方法,对67份黄花蒿种质资源的21个农艺性状进行形态学分析和评价,并采用可变类平均方法对各种质材料进行聚类分析。结果:黄花蒿种质资源22个农艺性状存在显著差异,不同材料之间表现出不同程度的多样性。其中,变异系数最大的是侧枝重,达53.63%,其次为叶和蕾重、植株总重、羽片长及小叶长,变异系数分别为42.74%,41.61%,39.54%,39.22%。叶片颜色等性状的变异系数较低。基于农艺性状的聚类分析,可把供试黄花蒿种质资源划分为5组,各组具有一定的特点,有利于品种选育材料的选择。其中,第Ⅰ组主要表现为早熟、矮秆、细杆、叶片大、叶/秆值大、产量适中;第Ⅲ组表现为晚熟、植株高大粗壮、分枝数多、紫杆、羽片多且排列非常紧密、叶重大、叶/秆值大,产量非常高;第Ⅴ组主要表现为极晚熟、侧枝发达、产量较高。结论:黄花蒿种质资源存在着显著的遗传差异和丰富的多样性,聚类分析结果表明第Ⅰ组、第Ⅲ组和第Ⅴ组种质资源较适合作为黄花蒿品种选育的材料。

Diversity and cluster analysis on agronomic traits of Artemisia annua germplasm resources in Yun-Gui plateau

Objective : To evaluate the diversity of germplasm resources of Artemisia annua and provide the basis for improving utilization of germplasm resources, the agronomic traits of germplasm resources of A. annua were studied in Yun-Gui plateau. Method : The agronomic traits of 67 A. annua germplasm resources were measured by the visual observation and measurement methods. And the germplasm resources were clustered using flexible-beta method to analysis their genetic background. Result : The result showed that 67 germplasm resources had a relatively wide variation on the 22 agronomic traits. Among 22 agronomic traits, the dry weight of branch had the greatest coefficient of variation, which was 53.63, and the next were the dry weight of leaf, total plant weight, the length of pinnules and the length of leaflet, which were 42.74, 41.61, 39.54 and 39.22 respectively. The smallest coefficient of variation was the leaf corlor. Based the result of cluster analysis, these 67 germplasm resources were classed into 5 groups,and each group had its respective character. The first group showed early-maturing resources, dwarf stalk, slender rod, long bipinnata, high leaf-stem ratio and moderate leaf weight. The third group showed late-maturing resources, tall and thick stalk, much-branch, bushy accessory pinna, high leaf weight and yield. The fifth group showed very late-maturing resources, strong lateral shoot, high leaf yield. Conclusion : There were significant genetic difference and diversity in the germplasm resources of A. annua. The result of cluster analysis showed that the resources of group 1, group 3 and group 5 were suitable as breeding material of A. annua.