2017年辽宁省主要病媒生物监测

目的调查了解辽宁省主要病媒生物(鼠、蚊、蝇、蟑螂)的种群构成、季节消长规律,为有效预防和控制相关传染病的流行提供科学依据。方法2017年在辽宁省14个市进行监测,鼠密度监测采用夹夜法,蚊密度监测采用灯诱法,蝇密度监测采用诱蝇笼法,蟑螂密度监测采用粘捕法。结果2017年辽宁全省平均鼠密度为1.27%,城市(居民和餐饮业)为0.73%,农村(村内和村外)为1.89%,平均鼠密度在4月达到高峰,鼠密度为1.61%,从捕获数量上看,全省褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占61.92%;蚊虫平均密度为20.23只/(灯·h),城市(居民区、公园和医院)和农村(农户和牲畜棚)平均密度分别为3.25和44.00只/(灯·h),蚊虫密度季节消长趋势呈现明显的单峰曲线,最高峰出现在8月下旬,密度为63.25只/(灯·h),从捕获数量上来看,中华按蚊成为全省的优势蚊种,所占构成比为38.99%;蝇类总密度为6.03只/(笼·h),蝇类密度季节消长呈单峰曲线,8月达到峰值密度为9.96只/(笼·h)],从捕获数量上看,丝光绿蝇为优势种,所占比例为40.11%;蟑螂总密度为0.41只/张,总侵害率为10.72%,蟑螂密度9月达到峰值(0.70只/张),捕获数量中德国小蠊占绝对优势,构成比为99.70%。结论基本了解了辽宁省主要病媒生物种类、密度及季节消长情况,今后应坚持对病媒生物的监测,重点关注虫媒传染病的主要媒介,提高监测与预警、预报的水平,为辽宁省病媒生物防治提供科学依据。

Surveillance on the main disease vectors in Liaoning Province in 2017

Objective To investigate the population structure and seasonal fluctuation of the main disease vectors(rodents,mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches)in Liaoning Province,and provide scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of the epidemic of vector-borne diseases.Methods The disease vector surveillance was carried out in 14 cities in 2017.The night trapping and the light trapping methods were used for the surveillance of rodents and mosquitoes.The cage trap and the sticky catch methods were used for flies and cockroaches density surveillance.Results Rodent density of the year was 1.27%in Liaoning Province,0.73%in cities(residents and food services),and 1.89%in rural areas(villages and outside villages),and the average rodent density peaked in April as 1.61%.Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 61.92%.Mosquito density was 20.23 insects per lamp per hour,and the average densities were 3.25 insects per lamp per hour in city(residential,park and hospital)and 44.00 insects per lamp per hour in rural areas(farmers and livestock shed),and the trend of mosquito density seasonal fluctuation showed an obvious single peak curve,the peak appeared in late August as 63.25 insects per lamp per hour.Anopheles sinensis was the dominant species,accounting for 38.99%.Fly density was 6.03 insects per cage per hour,peaked in August(9.96 insects per cage per hour),with the dominant species Lucilia sericata accounting for 40.11%.The density and disoperation rate of cockroaches were 0.41 insects per sheet and 10.72%.Cockroach density reached its peak density in September(0.70 insects per sheet).The dominant species was Blattella germanica,accounting for 99.70%.Conclusion The population structure,density and seasonal fluctuation of major disease vectors in Liaoning Province were basically understood.In the future,it is necessary to adhere to the monitoring of disease vectors,focus on insect-borne diseases and improve the monitoring and forecasting and early warning level,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of disease vectors in Liaoning Province.