微生物群与肠道炎症

在数百万年的时间里,哺乳动物进化出与肠道菌群间一个精密的共生关系。不断增加的证据表明微生物群平衡失调可以促进人类疾病的发展,其中包括不断增加的炎性肠炎。修复宿主-微生物相互作用是一种有效的阻止和治疗疾病的策略。在本文中,我们着重描述了在正常生理状况和肠道炎症背景下肠道微生物群的功能,着眼于宿主和微生物复杂关系的机理和病原基础。尽管有目前研究进展,但肠菌研究还面临很多挑战,缩小基础科学和临床应用之间的差距仍然很困难。我们认识到如果缺少肠道菌群及其对哺乳动物生理影响的深入理解,共生菌用于治疗（＂从肠菌到药物＂）的前景便无从谈起,所以本文也讨论用于操控肠道微生物群的临床治疗策略。

Gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation

Mammals have developed a delicate symbiotic relationship with gut flora over millions of years.Mounting evidence indicates that microbiome contributes to the development of human diseases,including the ever-increasing inflammatory bowel diseases（ IBD）.Restoring host-microbial interactions constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat the illness.In this review,we highlighted our understandings of the intestinal microbiome in the context of physiological health and intestinal inflammation,focusing on the signaling pathways,such as the NF-κB,vitamin D receptor,and Toll-like receptors（ TLRS）,which underlies the host-microbe interactions.We also discussed the potential therapeutic strategies that can be used to manipulate the gut microbiota in IBD.Many challenges lie ahead that making it difficult to narrow the gap between the basic sciences and clinical applications.The promise of pharmabiotics（ ＂bugs to drugs＂） is unlikely to be completely fulfilled without a greater understanding of enteric microbiota.