永定县农村饮用水与环境卫生现状

目的掌握永定县农村饮用水、改厕和粪便处理现状，了解农村垃圾污水治理情况。方法填写统一的农村饮用水调查表和环境卫生调查表，水质检验方法按GB5750-1985进行，结果按《农村实施“生活饮用水卫生标准”准则》评价。结果饮用地面水的占32．5％、地下水的占67．5％，集中式供水的占62．8％，分散式供水的占37．2％，细菌学指标合格率较低；有卫生厕所的占45．4％，生活垃圾随意堆放的占70．0％，生产性垃圾收集堆放的占90．4％，生活污水随意排放的占12．9％，明沟排放的占82．4％，排放河流的占97．4％；生产性污水明沟排放的占96．1％，排放河流的占86．9％；农户喝开水习惯的占91％。家庭垃圾、污水来源为生活垃圾、生活污水。结论农村饮水水源以地下水为主，取水方式以集中式供水为主；改厕进度慢，垃圾污水缺乏治理。为此，要加快农村改水、改厕进度，治理垃圾污水。为制定该县农村饮用水安全发展规划，提出农村改厕与粪便无害化处理，垃圾污水治理策略及社会主义新农村建设提供科学依据。

Sanitary Status of the Drinking Water and Environment in the Rural Areas of Yongding Country

[ Objective] To master the current sanitary status of the village drinking water, toilet rebuilding, human waste disposal and garbage and sewage fathering. [ Methods] Uniform questionnaires were filled in on the sanitary status of rural drinking water and environment; inspection on the quality of water was conducted according to GB 5750 - 1985 ; evaluation was made according to “the Sanitary Standard for Villages Drinking Water.” [ Results] Drinking water from the sources of surface water, groundwater, concentrated supply water and decentralized supply water took up 32.5% , 67.5% , 62.8% and 37.2% respectively; the eligible rate of the bacteriological indexes was low; the rates of sanitary toilet, random disposal of life garbage, productive garbage collection, ran- dom life sewage discharge, open ditch discharge and disposal to the rivers were 45.4% , 70.0% , 90.4% , 12.9% , 82.4% and 97.4% respectively; the rates of productive sewage open ditch discharge and disposal to the rivers were 96.1% and 86.9% respectively ; 91% of the villagers had the habit of drinking boiled water; the major household garbage and sewage sources were life garbage and life sewage. [ Conclusion ] The village drinking water is mainly from the underground water through concentrated supply; toilet rebuilding is low in speed and garbage disposal is inefficient; it is necessary to speed up water and toilet improvement; drinking water safety development program has been established and scientific basis has been provide for the harmless dejection disposal and garbage disposal.