D-半乳糖诱导衰老动物模型的机制及其在中医药方面的应用

利用D-半乳糖特殊的代谢机制，诱导衰老动物模型是常用的揭示衰老机制的实验工具。造模方法上，D-半乳糖诱导剂量具有靶向器官的选择性，比较合适的诱导剂量是100mg·kg^-1·d^-1；其作用机制与氧化应激损伤、钙稳态失调、线粒体老化、非酶糖基化反应、端粒短缩及端粒酶的活性下降，以及免疫功能减退有关。D-半乳糖诱导衰老的动物模型体现了现代系统生物学的观点，有特定的应用价值，然而对该模型衰老机制的整体研究还不够全面。中医药具有整体治疗的优势，在抗衰老多脏器、多靶点研究方面有积极的作用，因而中药对D-半乳糖诱导衰老治疗作用影响的研究越来越多，占所有报道的2／3；但中医药作用可重复性低，未来应集中于全面合理的实验设计，并应用标准化中药干预模型，以及充分考虑诱导衰老与自然衰老的差异。

Mechanism of Establishing Aging Model with D-galactose and Its Application in Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine

With the special metabolic mechanism of D-galactose, the aging model induced by D-galactose is the common laboratory tool used to reveal senescence mechanism. Methodologically, the inductive dose of D-galactose varies according to the different target organs and 100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 is an appropriate dose. The mechanism of D-galactose to induce aging model is associated with a series of effects including the oxidative stress, disharmony of calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial aging, non-enzyme glycosylation, telomere shortening, telomerase inactivation and reduction of immune function. Though the D-galactose induced ag- ing model reflects the view of modern systems biology and has specific application vale, the research about its mechanism is not comprehensive enough. Traditional Chinese medicine has advantages of holistic therapeutic effect and enjoys positive effects in antiaging of multi-organ and multi-target. So, the researches about anti-aging effects of traditional Chinese medicine become more and more, and account for 2/3 of all the reports. Due to the low repeatability in the present research of traditional Chinese medicine, the futural study should pay attention to comprehensive and reasonable experimental design, utilizing standard aging model, and take the difference between induced aging and natural aging into full consideration.