傣族泼水节心理调适作用及其心理机制研究

目的探讨傣族泼水节的心理调适作用及其心理机制。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对云南西双版纳220名高中学生进行测评及分析。结果①泼水节后学生在强迫症状（t=5.01,P〈0.05）、抑郁（t=8.42,P〈0.01）、焦虑（t=15.18,P〈0.01）、恐怖（t=21.73,P〈0.01）、精神病性（t=6.95,P〈0.01）各因子上的得分均显著低于泼水节前;②泼水节前后学生在SCL-90上的因子检出率排前4位的均是强迫症状、人际敏感度、抑郁、敌对;泼水节后学生各因子的检出率均低于泼水节前。此外,泼水节后学生在躯体化、焦虑、精神病性3个因子上均未出现心理问题。结论傣族泼水节具有的心理调适功能,对提高学生的心理健康水平起到一定作用。其心理机制源于提供了宣泄情感的良好时机,具有心理暗示功能,能满足人们的多种心理需求。

The Psychological Adjustment Role on Water-splashing Festival of Dai Nationality and Its Psychological Mechanism

Objective To investigate the psychological adjustment role about Water-splashing Festival of Dai nationality and its psychological mechanism.Methods Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90） was adopted to survey 220 high school students in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province.Results The scores after festival were significantly lower than before,which included obsession（t=5.01,P0.05）,depression（t=8.42,P0.01）,anxiety（t=15.18,P0.01）,paranoia（t=21.73,P0.01）and psychoticism（t=6.95,P0.01）.②The mental problem prevalence were obsession,interpersonal sensitivity,depression and hostility in turn.The mental problem prevalence of all factors after festival was lower than before.There were no mental problems on somatization,anxiety and psychoticism.Conclusion Dai Water-splashing Festival has psychological adjustment role.It can improve mental health of students.Its psychological mechanism stems from providing good opportunity to express feelings,having psychological suggesting role and meeting various of psychological needs.