历史上道德与法律兼融思想的考察

法律虽然从道德中分化出来乃至与道德分离成为独立的学科 ,但是由于两者都属于社会公共规范体系 ,所以在很多方面有交叉点和重叠点。法律的前提和基础离不开道德观念、道德标准 ;对法的解释和实施以特定历史阶段社会公认的道德规范为范围 ;判决、辩护、推理、程序设定等全部过程都与伦理价值观有一定的联系 ;法的权威性、稳定性和可信度也受道德标准的影响。研究中外历史上法律与道德兼融的思想资料 ,可以得出如下启示 :道德伦理是人立身处世的基本准则 ,所有违反法律的行为都不合伦理规范 ,因此 ,对社会成员进行法制教育必须与道德伦理教育并行 ;依法治国和以德治国兼融并用。道德伦理的生命在于知行合一 ,道德伦理首先是对自己言行的约束 ,不是用来对付别人的 ;而个人是否遵守道德伦理 ,需要整个社会的监督。道德强调自觉性 ,道德教育应避免枯燥的说教方式 ,应将历史上和现实生活中的生动事例 ,提到理论的高度加以阐述 ,使道德成为可爱可亲的东西 ,成为社会生活和个人生活中须臾不可离开的精神养料

A Review of the Idea of Combining Ethics with Law

Law derived from ethics and has become an independent subject, but they cross and overlap in many aspects because both of them belong to the social public normative system. The premise and foundation of law depend on ethical concepts and moral criteria. The law is interpreted and implemented within the scope of ethical criteria recognized by the public in certain times. The whole process including verdict, defense, reasoning, procedure enactment is related to ethical value criteria. The authority, stability, and reliability of law are also influenced by ethical criteria. The data about the historical idea of combining ethics with law reveal that ethical criteria are guide lines which people follow to conduct themselves in society, and all behaviors against law are not consistent with ethical norms. Therefore, education of legal system should be carried with education of ethical rules, and state affairs should be managed with law as well as with morality. Ethics and morality base themselves on the consistency of awareness with conduct. Ethical and moral rules are formulated to restrict oneself not to restrict others, and any individual needs to be monitored by the whole society to follow these rules. Ethical and moral rules should be elicited from vivid historical examples to motivate people to accept themvoluntarily as spiritual nourishments of life rather than to force them to memorize tedious doctrines.