Natural hybridization of the ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi in their sympatric populations in Western Siberia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;2. Khabarovsk Antiplague Station, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation;1. Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia;2. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonoses Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, PO Box 582, SE-751 23, Sweden;3. Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden;1. Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;2. Omsk Research Institute of Natural Foci Infections, Omsk, Russian Federation;3. Joint-stock company “Vector-Best”, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;4. The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;1. Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;2. Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, SB RAMS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation;3. Khabarovsk Antiplague Station, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation;1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;2. Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia;3. Department of Bacteriology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;4. United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan;5. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;6. Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;7. Iwate Prefecture Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health, 1-11-16 Kitaiioka, Morioka, Iwate 020-0857, Japan;8. Department of Medical Zoology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;9. Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Higashi 2, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;10. The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Hybridization of ticks of the genus Ixodes has been described for several species under laboratory conditions although no molecular genetics evidence confirming interspecific hybridization in nature is available. We have designed a real time PCR targeted on nuclear (ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1) markers to accurately identify tick species and to detect interspecific hybrids of Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi in their sympatric populations in Western Siberia. A survey of 783 individual ticks from a suburb of Tomsk showed that 44.2% of ticks belong to I. pavlovskyi species and 55.8% to I. persulcatus, based on the mtDNA data. Results obtained with the nuclear marker were not consistent, indicating that approximately 10% of the ticks were hybrids and about 5% revealed mtDNA introgression. Both hybridization and introgression have been shown to occur bidirectionally but more efficiently in the mating pair female I. pavlovskyi × male I. persulcatus than vice versa. The existence of the first generation hybrids and backcrosses challenges the existing view about effective reproductive barriers between I. pavlovskyi and I. persulcatus. While using only mitochondrial markers can lead to errors in determining tick species, we propose to use nuclear or both markers instead. The results obtained in the present paper and published earlier suggest that hybridization between closely related tick species in their sympatric zones is common rather than exceptional. The role of hybrid populations of vectors in the evolution of transmitted pathogens is also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Ticks Hybrids Introgression Sympatric zone |
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