Academic achievement one year after resective epilepsy surgery in children |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;3. Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;1. Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA;2. Department of Population Health and Environmental Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;4. Department of Environrmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;5. U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh;6. Department of Health Studies, Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;1. Epilepsy Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands;2. Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium;4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | PurposeFew studies have examined the academic functioning of children following pediatric epilepsy surgery. Although intellectual functioning has been more thoroughly investigated, children with epilepsy may experience additional difficulties with academic skills. This study examined the academic outcomes of a cohort of children who underwent pediatric epilepsy surgery on an average 1.2 (standard deviation SD]: 0.3) years prior.MethodsParticipants were 136 children (mean age: 14.3 years, SD]: 3.7 years) who had undergone resective epilepsy surgery. Academic functioning was assessed presurgery and postsurgery using standardized tests of reading, reading comprehension, arithmetic, and spelling.ResultsAt baseline, 65% of the children displayed low achievement (1 SD below test mean), and 28% had underachievement (1 SD below baseline IQ) in at least one academic domain. Examining change over time revealed that reading, numeral operations, and spelling significantly declined among all patients; seizure freedom at follow-up (attained in 64% of the patients) did not influence this relationship. Reading comprehension and IQ remained unchanged. Similar findings were found when examining patients with a baseline IQ of ≥ 70 and when controlling for IQ. Regression analyses revealed that after controlling for IQ, demographic and seizure-related variables were not significantly associated with academic achievement at follow-up.ConclusionsResults show baseline academic difficulties and deteriorations following surgery that go beyond IQ. Further investigations are required to determine whether the observed deteriorations result from the development of the child, the course of the disorder, or the epilepsy surgery itself. Long-term studies are warranted to identify the progression of academic achievement and whether the observed deteriorations represent a temporal disruption in function. |
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