流动儿童免疫规划现状调查及干预措施探讨

目的了解流动儿童免疫规划现况及其影响因素,探索促进相关工作的干预措施,为流动儿童免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法采用现场拦截法对前来接种疫苗的流动儿童家长进行包括干预需求、疫苗使用、传染病知识等基线调查,随后通过发放宣传资料、播放宣传短片、举办知识讲座等方式实施健康干预。干预后使用相同的问卷再次进行相关知识知晓率的调查;并在项目实施前及实施1年半后对辖区流动儿童国家免疫规划疫苗和二类疫苗的接种率进行统计分析。结果在接受问卷调查的530名对象中,91.7%的人群表示有了解预防接种知识的需要;67.5%的人希望是在孩子刚出生时获得相关知识;干预前后对免疫规划相关知识知晓率由24.2%提高至74.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=273.08,P<0.05)。辖区流动儿童国家免疫规划疫苗(一类疫苗)的全程接种率从71.46%提高至91.18%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=248.87,P<0.05)。二类疫苗的接种率也显著提高。结论流动儿童家长普遍对免疫规划健康教育有需求,开展免疫预防知识宣传,提高流动儿童家长参与免疫预防的自觉性、主动性,是提高流动儿童接种率的重要措施。

Survey of floating children immunization programs and interventions measures

Objective In order to understand children's immunization status and influencing factors,to explore related interventions,to improve floating children's immunization programs,and provide scientific basis for management.Methods By field intercept method to perform the base line survey of the knowledge of intervention needs,vaccine and infectious diseases of the parents of the floating children who were coming for vaccination.It was followed by distributing promotional materials,playing promotion flims,and hol...