神经内科医院感染危险因素及病原学分析

目的 探讨神经内科发生医院感染的相关危险因素及病原学分析,为临床控制医院感染提供依据。 方法 采用回顾性调查分析2010年1月~2013年12月笔者医院神经内科7413例患者的临床资料。 结果 共有613例发生院内感染,医院感染率为8.27%,感染1169例次,例次感染率为15.77%:其中革兰阴性菌占50.87%,以铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主,分别为12.05%、10.84%、7.14%、5.53%;革兰阳性菌占23.52%,以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、屎肠球菌为主,分别为5.00%、3.79%、3.57%;真菌占25.61%,以白色念珠菌为主占7.85%;基础疾病、老年、长时间住院、置导尿管、气管切开等因素是发生医院感染的危险因素。 结论 神经内科医院感染率很高,是发生医院感染的重点科室,针对危险因素采取有效预防控制,来降低医院感染发生率。

Risk Factors and Dtiology of Nosocomial Infections in Neurological Department

Objective To explore the risk factors associated with the nosocomial infections in the neurological department so as to provide references for the control of nosocomial infections. Methods A retrospective survey method was adopted to investigate the nosocomial infections in neurological department of 7413 cases of patients from Jan 2010 to Dec 2013. Results The nosocomial infections occurred in 613 cases with the incidence rate of 8.27%,case infection rate was 15.77%. The main Gram-negative bacteria(50.87%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.05%),Acinetobacter baumannii (10.84%),Escherichia coli (7.14%),Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.53%),while the mail Gram-positive bacteria (23.52%)include Coagulase negative staphylococcus(5.00%), Staphylococcus aureus(3.79%), Enterococcus faecium (3.57%),the main fungi (25.61%)was Candida albicans (7.85%).The mail risk factors of nosocomial infections included basic diseases,age, long hospital stay, placement of a urinary catheter, tracheotomy etc. Conclusion The incidence rate of nosocomial infections is high in the neurological department. It is conducive to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections to implement effective protection measures targeted to the risk factors.