腭裂中耳功能异常的综合评估及治疗方案的优化探讨

目的 探讨腭裂伴中耳功能异常的综合评估策略，优化诊治程序，进一步提高腭裂的综合治疗效果。方法 对腭裂患者中耳功能异常的469侧患耳进行声导抗测试，对中耳积液与鼓室图、鼓室压及听力的关系进行统计分析。对其中62例唇腭裂患儿的124侧患耳鼓室图变化进行为期1年的动态监测。结果 鼓室图为B、C、异型者积液率分别为50.3%（97/193）、34.8%（8/23）和20.9%（53/253）。异型积液患耳的鼓室压与无积液患耳的鼓室压之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。B型且有积液的患耳听力损失高于无积液患耳（P=0.001），异型鼓室图患耳积液与听力损失不相关（P>0.05）。唇腭裂患者在唇裂修复术至腭裂整复术期间，其中耳各型鼓室图构成比无差异（P>0.05）。结论 各型异常鼓室图积液率不同。鼓室压低于-150 dapa的异常鼓室图患耳应穿刺排查。B型鼓室图且有积液的患耳很可能影响听力，应在腭裂整复术中同期行鼓膜切开置管术；异型鼓室图患耳，即使有积液，也可暂保守治疗，暂不置管，但需密切随访。选择在腭裂整复术时置管并不会延误治疗时机。

Integrated assessment of middle ear dysfunction in cleft palate patients and optimization of therapeutic schedule

Objective To explore evaluation strategies for middle ear dysfunction in cleft palate patients, to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of this dysfunction, and ultimately to improve the comprehensive treatment of cleft palate. Methods The relationship among abnormal tympanic types (B, C, and Anomaly), effusion rate, tympanic pressure, and hearing loss were analyzed. We collected relevant information on 469 ears of cleft palate patients and traced one-year longitudinal changes in the tympana of 124 ears from 62 patients with both cleft lip and cleft palate. Results The effusion rates of cleft palate patients with type B, type C, and type Anomaly were 50.3% (97/193), 34.8% (8/23), and 20.9% (53/253), respectively. The tympanic pressure of the ears with and without effusion showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The hearing loss in type B cleft palate patients with middle ear effusion was worse than that in patients without effusion (P=0.001). However, the hearing loss in type Anomaly showed no difference (P>0.05). The constituent ratio of each tympanic type remained constant during the period between cheiloplasty and palatoplasty for cleft lip and palate patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Cleft palate patients of all tympanic types may all suffer from middle ear effusion at different rates. Examination by centesis is suggested for ears with abnormal tympanic types. Early aggressive therapy is essential for type B cleft palate patients with middle ear effusion to avoid hearing loss. However, catheterization may be not necessary for type Anomaly patients, and conservative observation should be performed instead. Myringotomy with grommet insertion during palatoplasty does not delay treatment timing for patients with both cleft lip and cleft palate.