Endodontic Chelators Induce Nitric Oxide Expression by Murine-cultured Macrophages |
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| Authors: | Fernanda Geraldes Pappen Erick Miranda Souza Luciano Giardino Iracilda Zepponi Carlos Mario Roberto Leonardo Renato de Toledo Leonardo |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil;2. Post-Graduation Department, University Center of Maranhão, Uniceuma, São Luis, MA, Brazil;3. Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;4. Department of Clinical Analysis, Pharmaceutical School, São Paulo, State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil;6. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;5. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionEndodontic chelators may extrude to apical tissues during instrumentation activating cellular events on periapical tissues. This study assessed in vitro the expression of nitric oxide (NO) concentrations by murine peritoneal macrophages after contact with MTAD (Dentsply/Tulsa, Tulsa, OK), Tetraclean (Ogna Laboratori Farmaceutici, Muggio, Italy), Smear Clear (Sybron Endo, Orange, CA), and EDTA (Biodinâmica, Ibiporã, PR, Brazil).MethodsMacrophage cells were obtained from Swiss mice after peritoneal lavage. Chelators were diluted in distilled water obtaining 12 concentrations, and MTT assay identified the concentrations, per group, displaying the highest cell viability (analysis of variance, p < 0.01). Selected concentrations were tested for NO expression using Griess reaction. Culture medium and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as controls.ResultsAnalysis of variance and Tukey tests showed that all chelators displayed elevated NO concentrations compared with the negative control (p < 0.01). MTAD induced the lowest NO expression, followed by Tetraclean, EDTA, and Smear Clear. No difference was observed between MTAD and Tetraclean (p > 0.01), Tetraclean and EDTA (p > 0.01), and EDTA and Smear Clear (p > 0.01). LPS ranked similar to both EDTA and Smear Clear (p > 0.01).ConclusionThe tested endodontic chelators displayed severe proinflammatory effects on murine-cultured macrophages. Citric acid–based solutions induce lower NO release than EDTA-based irrigants. |
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