The volatility of an alarm pheromone in male rats |
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| Authors: | Hideaki Inagaki Kayo Nakamura Yasushi Kiyokawa Takefumi Kikusui Yukari Takeuchi Yuji Mori |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;2. Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;3. Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan;4. Companion Animal Research, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan;1. Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;3. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;1. Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;2. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, #2370–6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;3. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;1. Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;2. ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, JST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The volatility of an alarm pheromone in male rats. PHYSIOL BEHAV 00(0) 000-000, 2008. We previously reported that an alarm pheromone released from the perianal region of male rats is perceived by the vomeronasal organ and evokes stress-induced hyperthermia and defensive and risk assessment behavior. In addition, we recently reported that the alarm pheromone enhances the acoustic startle reflex (ASR). However, in contrast to our knowledge about such biological aspects of the pheromone, information concerning the physical character of the alarm pheromone is extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the volatility of the alarm pheromone using enhancement of the ASR as an index of the pheromone effect. The alarm pheromone enhanced the ASR when it was presented at a distance of 10 mm but not at 200 mm. In addition, the pheromone effect was observed even after the pheromone was trapped in the adsorbent (Tenax) and then extracted using purified water. These results suggest that the alarm pheromone is both volatile and water soluble. |
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