An innovative universal protocol for orthognathic surgery three-dimensional virtual simulation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo-SP, Brazil;2. Private Practice in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, São Paulo-SP, Brazil;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany;2. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany;1. Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Intercommunal Hospital Centre of Villeneuve-St-Georges, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France;2. Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guandong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen;3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this technical note is to describe a protocol for three-dimensional virtual simulation of orthognathic surgery that has been designed to be easily implemented, without the need for any special clinical apparatus, software brand, or computed tomography sequence. The protocol comprises innovative concepts and simplified steps for image segmentation, creation of a composite skull, control of the condylar position, and sequencing of bimaxillary surgery. This protocol was applied by the developers in about 2000 cases performed between 2015 and 2022, and has become quite popular among local surgeons. Previous preliminary studies have shown that it meets the accuracy standards for clinical use, although further studies with larger numbers of patients are desirable for additional validation. |
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| Keywords: | Orthognathic surgery Three-dimensional imaging Computer-assisted surgery Three-dimensional printing Facial asymmetry |
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