Cognitive behavioural techniques reduce exercise anxiety and improve adherence to a resistance training program for people with anxiety-related disorders: A randomized controlled trial |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Phoenix, Australia: Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia;2. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA;3. Canadian Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada;4. Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Canada;1. Towson University, Department of Psychology, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA;2. Penn State University, Department of Psychology, 371 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, USA;3. MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;4. School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK |
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| Abstract: | Exercise is a cost-efficient alternative to other interventions for anxiety-related disorders (ARDs; e.g., psychotherapy, pharmaceutical) that is also associated with health benefits. Several exercise modalities, including resistance training (RT), have demonstrated efficacy at reducing symptoms of ARDs; however, there are challenges associated with effectively implementing such protocols, most notably, exercise avoidance or early discontinuation. Researchers have identified exercise anxiety as a contributor to exercise avoidance for people with ARDs. Exercise-based interventions for people with ARDs may need to include strategies for helping these individuals cope with exercise anxiety to facilitate long-term exercise engagement; however, research in this area is lacking. The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to examine the effects of combining cognitive behavioural techniques (CBT) with a RT program on changes in exercise anxiety, exercise frequency, disorder-specific anxiety symptoms, and physical activity for people with ARDs. A secondary purpose was to explore group differences in exercise motivation and exercise self-efficacy across time. A total of 59 physically inactive individuals with ARDs were randomized into either RT + CBT, RT, or waitlist (WL). Primary measures were assessed at baseline, weekly during the 4-week active phase, and at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Findings indicate both RT and RT + CBT can reduce exercise anxiety; however, the addition of CBT techniques may help facilitate improvements in exercise self-efficacy, reductions in disorder-specific anxiety, and increases in long-term exercise behaviour and vigorous physical activity. These techniques may be useful for researchers and clinicians alike in supporting individuals with ARDs interested in using exercise to cope with elevated anxiety. |
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| Keywords: | Randomized controlled trial Anxiety-related disorders Resistance training Cognitive behavioural techniques Unified Protocol Exercise adherence Physical activity |
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