Effect of palatine tonsil hypertrophy on tongue posture and maxillofacial dentition: A pharyngeal airway computational fluid dynamics study |
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| Institution: | 1. Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan;2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan;3. Kanomi Orthodontic Office, Japan;1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;2. Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;1. School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil;2. Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo – Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil;3. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador;1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Syria;2. Department of Medical Laboratory e, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Syria;1. Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, United States;2. Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, United States;1. Pediatric Dentistry Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon;2. Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Dentofacial Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon;3. Resident in Internal Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon;4. Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon;5. Department of Dentofacial Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the effect of palatine tonsil hypertrophy-induced ventilation obstruction on maxillofacial dentition morphology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to represent tongue posture and maxillofacial dentition three dimensionally.Materials and methodsWe analyzed data of 20 patients with tonsil hypertrophy (tonsil hypertrophy group (TG); 9.0 years old, seven boys) and a comparison group (CG) of 20 patients without tonsil hyperplasia (comparison group; 9.4 years old, 10 boys). Cone-beam computed tomography and CFD data were used to assess the effects of palatine tonsil hypertrophy on pharyngeal airway ventilation, tongue posture, and morphology of the maxillofacial dentition.ResultsThe TG exhibited significantly greater depth, narrower width, smaller cross-sectional area of the pharyngeal airway, and narrower maxillary dental arch with Class II than the CG. Additionally, the tongue was positioned significantly more anteriorly and inferiorly in the TG than that in the CG.ConclusionsOur data suggest that hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils narrows the pharyngeal airway, resulting in a smaller cross-sectional area. Widening of the pharyngeal airway may occur due to compensatory anterior displacement of the tongue to prevent ventilation obstruction. This may decrease palatal support, disturbing the pressure balance of the maxillary molar region between the buccal and palatal sides and resulting in lateral undergrowth of the maxillary bone and narrowing of the maxillary dental arch. |
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| Keywords: | Tonsil Tongue posture Maxillofacial dentition Pharyngeal airway Computational fluid dynamics |
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