病毒的致癌作用和治癌作用

 【摘要】　经历了近一个世纪的研究, 病毒与肿瘤多样而复杂的关系逐渐得到阐明。20世纪证实了有些反转录病毒和疱疹病毒可以引发动物的淋巴瘤、白血病，对于人类情况则更为复杂。近20多年来，一些肝炎病毒与肝癌、人类乳头状瘤病毒与子宫颈癌关系的确立为利用病毒疫苗防治肿瘤成功地奠定了基础。近15年来，由于减毒活疫苗的广泛安全接种，促使溶肿瘤病毒治疗肿瘤的策略研究再度兴起，为难治性肿瘤的治疗增添了新的策略。

Viral oncogenesis and tumor virotherapy

After near a century of research, the diverse and complicated relationship between viruses and tumors has been elucidated gradually. Last century it was demonstrated that some retroviruses and some herpes viruses could induce lymphoma and leukemia in some animals. However, it is more complicated in human. During the last two decades it has been confirmed that several types of hepatitis viruses could cause hepatocellular carcinoma and the relationship between human papillomaviruses and cervix carcinoma has been established. These viral vaccines became useful tools to prevent prevalence of these carcinomas. Because of the successful inoculation of live attenuated viral vaccines all around the world in recent 15 years, oncolytic virotherapy is revived, and provides a novel strategy for treatment of refractory tumors.