远外侧入路治疗颅颈交界腹侧病变的探讨

目的 探讨远外侧人路在处治中下斜坡、颈延交界区腹侧及颈静脉孔区病变的应用。方法对23例患者采用远外侧入路显微外科手术,其中枕髁后入路12例,经部分枕髁入路5例,经C1-2关节面侧方联合经部分枕髁入路3例,经颈静脉结节入路2例,经完整枕髁入路1例。结果20例肿瘤全部切除15例,近全部切除5例,3例椎一基底动脉瘤均顺利夹闭,3例行枕颈融合,无手术死亡率,结果满意。所有患者术后均未出现寰枕关节不稳定的症状,手术并发症主要是后组颅神经损伤、椎动脉损伤、脑脊液漏以及脑干、小脑或脊髓缺血。结论远外侧入路是脑干和上段颈髓腹侧、腹外侧病变的理想入路,但手术操作较复杂,具有一定的潜在风险,应根据病变性质、位置和延伸范围来选择入路,进而最低限度切除颅底骨质。

Therapeutic effect of far lateral approach on the lesions located ventral to cranial-cervical junction

Objective To investigate the administration of far-lateral approach in lesions located anterior or anterolateral to brain stem and upper cervical spinal cord. Methods Twenty-three patients underwent far lateral approach, including 12 retrocondylar approach, 5 partial transcondylar approach, 3 transfacetal and partial transcondylar approach, 2 transtubercular approach and 1 complete transcondylar approach. Results Total tumor removal was achieved in 15 patients, subtotal removal in 5 patients, 3 vertibral artery aneurysms were clipped successfully, 3 patients were given occipitalcervical fusion. There was no operative mortality. The most frequent complications were lower cranial nerve deficit, CSF leakage, injury to vertibral artery, and ischemia of brain stem, cerebellum or spinal cord. No patient presented clinical instability of the occipitocervical junction after surgery. Conclusions The far-lateral approach is an ideal approach to structures located ventral to cranial-cervicle junction. But some of the surgical steps are technically difficult and carry some degree of risk. The choice of approach depends on the pathological feature and degree of exposure required for effective surgical treatment. Bone removal should be quantified for individual lesion. The approach may be limited to less aggressive steps, while still achieving significant exposure and surgical space.