南海某岛礁作业人员身体健康及卫生服务状况调查与分析

目的 探讨南海某岛礁作业人员的身体健康状况和对卫生服务的需求，以提供合理的医疗卫生服务。方法 采用“健康状况及卫生服务意向”调查表对南海某岛礁作业人员进行“重复性横断面”团体调查，并以船员及海岸人员作对照。结果 南海海域4种作业人员的两周患病率和慢性病患病率均明显高于全国患病水平。其中，礁员和船员两周患病率明显高于岛员，但4种作业人员间慢性病患病率差异无统计学意义。两周患病率中，感冒患病率位于各种疾病之首；慢性病患病率中，各单位以胃病患病率最高。岛礁人员就诊率和住院率均较低，有43．69％的患者因各种原因未能就诊，12．79％的患者需要住院而未能住院；1年内个人外出诊治占患病人次数的39．35％，个人自购药品占患病人次数的45．82％。反映意见最多的是药品供给问题，占总调查人数的23．69％。结论 南海某岛礁作业人员患病率明显高于全国水平，其中两周患病率礁员明显高于岛员；基层卫生单位所提供的医疗卫生服务尚不能满足其卫生需求。

Investigation and analysis on health status and hygienic services among some island-reef personnel in the South China Sea

Objective To find out about the current health status and the needs of hygienic services among some island-reef personnel in the South China Sea, so as to provide the reasonable medical and health services. Methods Using inquiry form of health status and hygienic services intentions, the reproducibility and cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the health status and hygienic services among some island-reef personnel in the South China Sea, the obtained data was also compared with that of seaman and coastal personnel. Results Among the four kinds of different personnel in the South China Sea, that is, island personnel, reef personnel, seaman and coastal personnel, both their two-week and chronic illness prevalence were obviously higher than that of Chinese norm. While the two-week illness prevalence in seaman and reef personnel was higher than that of island personnel, but with chronic illness prevalence no obvious difference was observed among all four groups. Common cold took the first place of all sorts of diseases in two-week prevalence, while chronic gastropathy took the first place in chronic diseases among all four groups. Both the clinic visits and hospitalization were lower in island-reef personnel,about 43.69 percents of island-reef personnel failed to seek medical advice due to different reasons, and 12.79 percents of them who need hospitalization but failed .The ratios of the person-time number of island-reef personnel with clinic visits outside their basic healthy units or buying drugs by themselves were 39.35 and 45.82 percents respectively. Drugs supply was the most complaint given by 23.69 percents of total investigated. Conclusions The incidence of some island-reef personnel in the South China Sea was markedly higher than that of Chinese norm, while the two-week illness prevalence in reef personnel was higher than that of island personnel. The health care and hygienic services supplied by basic healthy units were not able to meet the healthy needs of island-reef personnel in the South China Sea.