老年吞咽障碍患者的生活质量及其影响因素

目的 调查老年吞咽障碍患者的生活质量并分析影响因素。方法 2019年1月至12月,方便抽取本院老年(≥ 60岁)住院患者523例,采用吞咽生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)、进食评估问卷调查工具-10 (EAT-10)、透视荧光吞咽检查(VFSS)、营养风险筛查2002 (NRS-2002)和FRIED量表进行调查。结果 共有160例诊断吞咽障碍(30.59%)。老年吞咽障碍患者SWAL-QOL总分(45.15±13.31)分,各维度分由低到高依次为食欲、社会交往、吞咽症状、心理健康、睡眠、进食恐惧、进食时间、疲劳、心理负担、语言交流。EAT-10评分≥ 19为SWAL-QOL总分的危险因素,健康状况良好和接受吞咽治疗是保护因素。结论 老年吞咽障碍患者总体生活质量较低,应重视早期筛查,积极采取干预措施。

Quality of Life in Old Patients with Dysphagia and Its Related Factors

objective To investigate the quality of life in old patients with dysphagia and the related factors.Methods From January to December, 2019, 523 old inpatients were selected and investigated with Swallowing-Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and FRIED scale.Results There were 160 inpatients diagnosed dysphagia (30.59%). The total score of SWAL-QOL in the inpatients with dysphagia was (45.15±13.31), and the dimension scores from low to high were appetite, social function, swallowing symptoms, mental health, sleep, eating fear, eating time, fatigue, swallowing burden and communication. For the total score of SWAL-QOL, EAT-10 score ≥ 19 was the risk factor, while good health condition and accepting swallowing treatment were the protective factors.Conclusion The quality of life is poor for the old inpatients with dysphagia, and early screening and intervention for dysphagia are needed.