吞咽障碍动物模型研究进展

构建恰当的吞咽障碍动物模型,是进行吞咽障碍机制及治疗方法研究的重要手段。目前用于复制吞咽障碍的模型动物主要有啮齿动物、非人灵长类动物和其他一些哺乳动物,其中大、小鼠最为常用。复制的疾病模型主要有脑卒中后吞咽障碍、肌萎缩侧索硬化症吞咽障碍、帕金森病吞咽障碍以及口咽部神经肌肉病变吞咽障碍等类型。造模成功与否主要依靠吞咽功能评估,如透视荧光吞咽检查、电生理检查等。目前还没有动物模型能完整表现与人类相似的吞咽障碍临床和病理特征。随着定向遗传基因修饰等技术的发展,以及不同检测指标的联合使用,有望复制出更加合理的吞咽障碍模型。

Advance in Animal Models of Dysphagia (review)

An appropriate animal model of dysphagia is important for research of the mechanism and treatment. Animal models of dysphagia mainly involve rodents, non-human primates and some other mammals, in which rats and mice are the most commonly used. The diseases mainly reproduced include stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and oropharyngeal neuromuscular diseases, with dysphagia. The success of modeling mainly depends on the assessment of swallowing function, such as videofluoroscopic swallowing study and electrophysiological examination. No animal model can perfectly represent the clinical and pathological characteristics of dysphagia in humans now. With the development of targeted genetic modification and detection indicators, more reasonable dysphagia models would be reproduced.