儿童孤独症谱系障碍流行现状和家庭干预的研究及策略

孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）是一组以社交障碍、兴趣或活动范围狭窄以及重复刻板行为为主要特征的神经发育障碍性疾病,目前在全球范围的发病率为1%~2%,且发病率仍在逐年升高。本文主要介绍了儿童ASD的流行病学现状及家庭干预实施现状,回顾了我国儿童ASD的发展状况。既往我国对ASD患儿的干预主要集中在关注患儿社会功能的恢复、增加社交性行为上,且康复训练主要集中在康复机构、特殊学校或医院。如今,国内外越来越多的学者将目光聚焦到了ASD患儿的父母及家庭上,并逐渐认识到ASD患儿的康复训练不应只局限于康复机构、医院或特殊学校的专业训练,更应该将康复治疗融入家庭中。同时分析了目前我国实施家庭干预的必要性及存在的困难,提出对ASD患儿进行家庭干预的思考及探讨,以达到通过家庭干预,让患儿除睡眠时间外,几乎均处于积极、放松的康复训练中。本文还关注了ASD患儿父母或主要照护者的心理、情绪状态,指出医务工作者应积极与心理、教育机构、社会等部门加强合作,设计个体化干预方案,帮助ASD患儿、父母及家庭获得尽可能好的生活质量。

Research Progress and Strategies on Family Intervention of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions,a narrow range of interests and activities,and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.The incidence of ASD worldwide is about 1%-2%,and it is still increasing year by year.This paper mainly introduces the epidemiological status of ASD and the implementation status of family intervention,and reviews the development status of ASD in China.Previous interventions for children with ASD mainly focused on the recovery of social functions and the increase of social behaviors,and rehabilitation training mainly in rehabilitation institutions,special schools and hospitals.Nowadays,more and more domestic and foreign scholars focused their attention on the parents and families of children with ASD,and gradually realized that the rehabilitation training for children with ASD should not be only limited to institutions,hospitals and special schools,and more rehabilitation treatments should be integrated into the family life.At the same time,the necessity and difficulties of family intervention in China were analyzed,and the thoughts and discussions on family intervention for children with ASD were put forward,so as to enable children with ASD to receive active and relaxing rehabilitation training except the sleep time through family intervention.This paper also focuses on the psychological and emotional state of ASD children's parents and primary caregivers,and points out that medical workers should actively cooperate with relevant psychological,educational and social sectors to design individualized intervention programs to help children with ASD and their parents and families achieve the best possible quality of life.