正念干预改善运动员心理康复效果的系统综述和Meta分析

目的 综合评价正念干预对运动员心理康复的效果。方法 检索2010年1月1日至2019年12月31日Web of Science、EBSCO、PubMed、Medline、OpenDissertations、Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection、Academic Search Premier、中国知网(CNKI)、维普和万方数据库有关正念干预促进运动员心理康复的研究,对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入18项研究。正念干预对运动员心理康复即刻效果呈中到大效应量(d= 0.69, 95%CI 0.53~0.86, P< 0.001),但存在发表偏倚。正念组干预的追踪效应量不显著(d= -0.08, 95%CI -0.33~0.16, P= 0.50)。正念干预的康复效果受研究质量的影响(I² = 88.1%, P= 0.004)。结论 正念干预对运动员心理康复的效果主要表现为改善心境,促进流畅体验,提高消极体验的接受性,提高对目标的行动力和提高训练的投入程度。正念干预效果受研究质量的影响。

Effect of Mindfulness on Psychological Rehabilitation of Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the effect of mindfulness on psychological rehabilitation in athletes.Methods Literatures about mindfulness meditation for psychological rehabilitation of athletes were searched in Web of Science, EBSCO, PubMed, Medline, OpenDissertations, Psychology Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Premier, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2019. The literature quality was evaluated, and the data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3.Results Finally, 18 researches were included. The immediate effect size of mindfulness on psychological rehabilitation was medium to large (d= 0.69, 95%CI 0.53 to 0.86, P< 0.001). There was no significant difference in the follow-up effect of psychological rehabilitation between two groups (d= -0.08, 95%CI -0.33 to 0.16, P= 0.50). The immediate effect of mindfulness was significantly moderated by research quality (I² = 88.1%, P= 0.004).Conclusion Mindfulness could improve mood, promote flow, improve acceptance of negative experiences, improve the ability to act on the goal, and increase training investment for athletes, which is moderated by research quality.