区块链技术破解同行评议难题的全程多元应用——以Decentralized Science、Orvium、Pluto Network、Katalysis平台为例

【目的】研究区块链技术在同行评议中的全程应用, 探讨该技术如何对症下药一一破解传统同行评议过程的系列难题, 以期为科学同行评议高质量发展提供全新思路。【方法】按“评议前—评议中—评议后”的顺序,循序渐进地梳理区块链技术可破解的同行评议难题, 通过典型案例研究,剖析区块链技术在同行评议中全程应用的可行性。【结果】区块链技术可被应用于同行评议的多个重要环节, 在精准匹配审稿专家、追溯评审过程、双轨补偿同行评议、分流保护审稿人隐私的前提下,提升同行评议的科学性、透明性和开放性。【结论】区块链技术可解决同行评议中固有的审稿专家匹配度低、评审过程不可追溯、同行评议缺乏补偿机制、审稿人隐私保护隐患等难题, 助推开放科学进程。

The whole-process and multiple application of blockchain technology to solve peer review problems: Case study of Decentralized Science,Orvium, Pluto Network,and Katalysis

Purposes] This paper studies the whole-process application of blockchain technology in peer review, and discusses how to solve a series of problems in the traditional peer review process one by one, so as to provide a new idea for the high-quality development of scientific peer review. Methods] According to the sequence of "before, during, and after evaluation", we combed the peer review problems that can be solved by blockchain technology step by step, and analyzed the feasibility of the whole-process application of blockchain technology in peer review through typical case study. Findings] Blockchain technology can be applied to many important links in the whole process of peer review, improving the scientificity, transparency, and openness of peer review on the premise of accurate matching of reviewers, traceability of review process, dual track compensation for peer review, and shunt protection of reviewers' privacy. Conclusions] Blockchain technology can solve the inherent problems in peer review, such as low matching of reviewers, non-traceability of review process, lack of compensation mechanism for peer review, and hidden dangers of reviewer's privacy protection, so as to boost the process of open science.