焦虑障碍的注意偏向特点及其与认知风格、人格特质的相关性

目的：探讨焦虑障碍患者对负性刺激的注意偏向特点，并分析其与认知风格和人格特质的相关性。方法：运用点探测范式和心理问卷分别对36例焦虑障碍患者和36例正常者进行评估，比较2组注意偏向、认知风格和人格特质的差异；比较不同性别焦虑障碍患者负性注意偏向分数的差异；比较社交焦虑症和广泛性焦虑症的负性注意偏向分数的差异；分析注意偏向、认知风格和人格特质的相关性。结果：焦虑组和对照组负性注意偏向分数、注意警觉分数的差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05），正确率差异分数、注意解 除分数的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。焦虑组和对照组自动思维得分、功能失调态度得分、艾森克人格N维度得分的差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。男性和女性焦虑障碍患者注意解除分数的差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。社交焦虑症和广泛性焦虑症负性注意偏向分数、正确率差异分数、注意警觉分数、注意解除分数的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。功能失调态度与负性注意偏向分数（r =0.383）、注意警觉（r =0.204）呈显著正相关（P ＜0.05）；注意偏向分数、注意警觉分数与自动思维、艾森克N维度得分无相关性（P ＞0.05）。正确率差异分数、注意解除分数与自动思维、功能失调态度得分、与艾森克人格N维度得分无相关性（P ＞0.05）。结论：焦虑障碍患者存在对负性刺激的注意偏向，主要表现为注意警觉，该注意偏向存在性别差异，且与认知风格相关。

A study on the characteristics of attentional bias in anxiety disorders and its correlation with cognitive styles and personality traits

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the negative attentional bias in patients with anxiety disorder and explore the correlation among attention bias, cognitive styles and personality traits. Methods:Attentional bias, cognitive styles and the personality traits were assessed by the dot-probe paradigm and the psychology scales in 36 anxiety disorder patients and 36 normal people. Scores from the dot-probe paradigm and the psychology scales were compared between the anxiety disorder patients and the normal people in the attention bias, cognitive styles and personality traits. The scores from the dot-probe paradigm were also used to examine the differences in the attention bias of the men versus women, the social anxiety disorder versus the generalized anxiety disorder. The correlation among attention bias, cognitive styles and personality traits was analyzed.Results: There was significant difference in the negative attentional bias scores, the facilitated attention scores between the anxiety and the control groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference in the accuracy scores or the disengaging attention scores between them (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the scores of automatic hinking, dysfunctional attitude and Eysenck personality Questionnaire’s N dimension between the anxiety andthe control groups (P<0.05). There was significant difference in disengaging attention scores between the male nd female (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the negative attentional bias scores, the facilitated ttention scores, the disengaging attentional bias, the accuracy scores between the social anxiety disorder and eneralized anxiety disorder (P>0.05). There was significant correlation between the dysfunctional attitude cores, the negative attentional bias scores (r=0.383, P<0.05) and the facilitated attention scores (r=0.204,P<0.05). There was no significant correlation among the negative attentional bias scores, the facilitated attention cores, the automatic thinking and the N dimension scores of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (P>0.05). There as no significant correlation among the accuracy scores, the disengaging attention scores, the automatic thinking uestionnaire scores, the dysfunctional attitude scores, and the Eysenck N dimension scores (P>0.05). Conclusion:Patients with anxiety disorder have attentional bias to negative stimulus, manifested by attention alert to negative timulus. The negative attentional bias has gender difference, which is related to cognitive styles.