北京某高校2011-2018届全科医学研究生就业去向调查研究

背景　我国目前全科医生还有很大缺口,文献对于基层全科医生短缺的原因和对策研究相对较多,但是尚缺乏全科医学研究生就业去向调查分析的相关研究,可能与全科医学研究生尤其是并轨培养全科医学研究生开始较晚,当前毕业人数尚少有关。高校医学毕业生尤其是全科医学专业的毕业生到基层医疗卫生机构就业,对填补我国全科医生长期缺乏的现状具有重要意义。目的　了解全科医学研究生就业现状,分析减少和避免基层医疗卫生机构人才流失的策略。方法　对北京市某高校自招生以来所有2011-2018届全科医学研究生就业去向进行调查和分析,统计总体就业结果和相关信息,比较不同性别、学位类型、届别研究生在就业单位性质、医疗机构等级、工作岗位的差异。结果　2011-2018届全科医学专业毕业研究生共116名,其中科学学位博士研究生8人、科学学位硕士研究生16人、专业学位硕士研究生92人,毕业当年就业率（含升学）为100.0%。不同性别毕业生就业单位性质、医院级别、工作岗位比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。科学学位研究生和专业学位研究生就业单位性质、医院级别和工作岗位比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。2018届研究生医疗机构就业率达到100.0%,各级医院就业率维持在一个相对稳定状态,作为全科医生从事全科医疗者占比达到82.9%。结论　全科医学研究生就业期望偏高,总体就业率较好,但到基层就业的形势仍不乐观。应继续加强和改善政策引导和激励机制,增强基层医疗卫生机构的吸引力,不断提高基层医疗卫生机构的人员素质和服务水平,形成“政策引导－人才下沉－医疗服务水平提升－待遇地位机会实现”的良性循环。

Investigation and Analysis of Employment Orientation of General Practice Postgraduates Graduating from 2011 to 2018 in a University of Beijing

Background　At present,there is still a big gap of general practitioners（GPs） in China. There are some studies on the causes and countermeasures of the shortage of grassroots GPs,while there is no relevant research on the investigation and analysis of the employment prospects of postgraduates in general practice,which may be related to the late start of training for postgraduates in general practice,especially the parallel resident training,and the small scale of general practice graduates. It is of great significance for medical graduates,especially those majoring in general practice,to obtain employment in grassroots medical institutions to fill the long-term shortage of GPs in China. Objective　To understand the employment status of postgraduates in general practice and to analyze the strategies to reduce and avoid the outflow of talent in primary health care institutions. Methods　The employment prospects of all general practice postgraduates graduating from 2011 to 2018 in a university in Beijing were investigated and analyzed. The overall employment results and related information were collected and the nature of employment units,medical institution levels,job positions and other dimensions were compared between the different genders,education levels,and graduate years. Results　From 2011 to 2018,there were 116 graduate students of general practice,including 8 doctoral students of science degree,16 postgraduate students of science degree and 92 postgraduate students of professional degree. The employment rate（including enrollment） in the year of graduation was 100.0%. There were significant differences in the nature of employment units,hospital level and job positions of graduates of different genders（P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the nature of employment unit,hospital level and job position between the postgraduates of scientific degree and the postgraduates of professional degree（P<0.001）. The employment rate of medical institutions reached 100.0% in 2018,and the employment rate of hospitals at all levels remained relatively stable. The proportion of general practitioners engaged in general practice reached 82.9%. Conclusion　The employment expectation of general practice postgraduates is high and the overall employment rate is good,but the employment situation at the primary hospitals and communities is still not optimistic. We should continue to strengthen and improve the policy guidance and incentive mechanism,enhance the attractiveness of primary hospitals and communities,and continuously improve the quality of personnel and service level of primary hospitals and communities to form a virtuous circle of "policy guidance-talent sinking-medical service level upgrading-opportunity and high rates of remuneration realizing".