食管穿孔的诊疗及其结果分析

目的 探讨食管穿孔病因、诊断、治疗方法及其结果,以提高其治愈率.方法回顾我科自1997～2004年收治的11例食管穿孔病例,除2例未发现异物外（其中1例为硬管食管镜损伤穿孔）,其余9例取出异物.3例食管穿孔患者行外科手术（2例经胸、1例经颈）一期修复.结果7例患者在24小时内就诊,4例超过24小时,最长为27天.死亡率45.45%,手术一期修复者为66.67%（2/3例）,非手术修复者37.5%（3/8例）;异物发生24小时内就诊者为28.57%（2/7）,异物发生24小时后就诊者75%（3/4）.结论耳鼻咽喉科诊治的食管穿孔病因中以异物、医源性因素居多.就诊时间、异物位置、是否残留、抗生素选择、营养支持以及食管本身是否健康是影响食管穿孔治疗效果的主要因素.在排除异物残留或脓肿形成后,可选择保守的非手术修补方案.须注意手术有较高风险性.

Diagnosis and therapy in esophageal perforation and the outcomes

OBJECTIVE Approach the cause of esophageal perforation and the analysis of diagnosis, therapy and its outcome in this disease. METHODS We retrospectively review 11 patients of esophageal perforation between1997 and 2004 in our department. There were 9 cases were taken out foreign bodies from their esophageal, another 2 cases haven't been found any foreignbodies and 1 of 2 was caused by iatrogenic reasons. Perforation occurred in the cervical esophagus was 4, and in the thoracic esophagus was 7. Their symptoms were dysphagia or pain, retrosternal-pain, dyspnea, subcutaneous emphysema, fever, hematemesis or melena. RESULTS 7/11 cases visited the clinic during 24 hours after foreign-body occured, 4/11 cases visited after 24 hours and the last visited clinic on 27th day late. Dysphagia was the most common presenting symptom specially with pain in eating, noted in 9 cases (81.8 %); retrosternal-pain and fever were noted in 8 cases (72.7 %), subcutaneous emphysema in 5 (45.5 %), dyspnea in 2 (18.2 %), hematemesis and melena.in 1 (9.1 %). 5 cases were died and the common mortality was 45.45 % (5/11). The mortality in primary repair with surgery treatment was 66.7 % (2/3); the mortality in conservative management was 37.5 % (3/8). The mortality of the perforation in cervical esophagus was 25 % (1/4), in thoracic esophagus was 57.14 % (4/7). The mortality of the visit time in 24 hours was 28.57 % (2/7),and out of 24 hour was 75% (3/4). CONCLUSION Sophageal perforation is usually caused by foreign body or iatrogenic in ENT-Head&Neck surgery. The esophageal perforation will been cured that decided in early visiting, taking away of foreign-boby, the right choice of antibiotic, nutritional support, primary healthy statement of esophagus. We regard that should perform non-operational conservative therapy in the patients who resulted in esophageal perforation except abscess or remain causing by foreign body. And the high risks in mortality of the repairing in surgery should been noticed.