集装箱企业职业暴露对工人健康的影响

目的研究扬州市主要集装箱企业作业产生的电焊烟尘和金属粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法依据国家卫生标准选择检测扬州集装箱企业158个电焊作业地点，采用BFC-35E型粉尘采样器和LD-IH型激光粉尘仪，测定电焊烟尘和金属粉尘总粉尘浓度。1年后在3044名参加体检的从业人员中，以机关行政人员作为空白对照组，作业工人按监测点粉尘浓度分为超标组和达标组，比较3组健康检查结果。结果全部电焊检测点电焊烟尘浓度的TWA达标率为40．1％（57／142），STEL达标率为20．4％（29／142）；打磨等检测点金属粉尘TwA达标率为56．O％（9／16），STEL达标率为50．0％（8／16）；自动焊接采样点达标率高达92．8％（13／14）。2006年新诊断I期电焊工尘肺14例，发病率0．41％。其他工人主要健康问题依次是心、肺内科检查异常（18．8％）、心电图异常（14．7％）、高千伏胸片检查异常（14．2％）、鼻甲肥大（12．7％）、高血压（8．7％）、听力损伤（3．9％）、眼损伤（3．7％）。白细胞计数偏低或偏高（3．4％）。各组工人的高千伏胸片检查、鼻甲肥大、听力损伤、眼损伤的异常率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论集装箱企业电焊烟尘和金属粉尘控制仍然存在不足，导致工人相关系统发生健康损害，需要加强除尘和防护工作。

Effect of Occupational Exposure on The Health of Workers in Container Industry

Objective ] To study the effect of welding fumes and metal dust on the health of workers in container industry. Methods ] Totally 158 welding sites in the container enterprises of Yangzhou were selected, based on the national hygiene standards. Sampiing machines （ BFC-35E } and Laser Dust Monitor （LD-IH） were adopted to detect levels of welding fumes. One year later, 3044 workers who participated in health examination were divided into control group （ Administrative Staff} , over-standard group （ work- ers ） and standard group （ workers } based on the dust levels in monitoring sites. The results of health examination of the 3 groups were compared. Results]TWA pass rate of welding fumes was 40.1% （57/142） and STEL was 20.4% （29/142） in all monitoring sites of welding workshops. TWA pass rate was 56.0% （9/16）and STEL was 50.0% （8/16 ）in all monitoring sites of polished workshops. The pass rate of automatic welding site reached up to 92.8% （ 13/14 ）. 14 eases of welder pneumoeoniosis were newly diagnosed in 2006, the incidence was 0.41%. Other health problem were abnormalities of heart or lung medical examination （ 18.8% ） , abnormal ECG （ 14. 7% ） , abnormal chest film examination with high kilovolt （ 14. 2% ）, turbinate hypertrophy （12.7% ） , hypertension （ 8.7% ） , hearing impairment （ 3.9% ） , eye injuries （ 3.7% ） , abnormal interleukin （ 3.4% ）. Differences of chest film, turbinate hypertrophy, hearing impairment and eye injuries were significant between all groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion] Welding fumes and metal dust which have not been well controlled in container industry eanse health impairments on workers, it is necessary to eliminate fumes and strengthen protection.