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Evaluation of the association of serum levels of hyaluronic acid,sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A with mortality and prognosis in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors:Baris Ozturk  Ferit Kuscu  Ediz Tutuncu  Irfan Sencan  Yunus Gurbuz  Hakan Tuzun
Affiliation:1. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;2. Ministry of Health, Gaziantep Health Care Directorate, Gaziantep, Turkey;1. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA;2. Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA;3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;5. Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA;6. Chumakov Institute for Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia;7. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia;8. Department of Zoology, Oxford University, UK;1. Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey;2. Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Medical Biology, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;4. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey;5. National Arbovirus and Viral Zoonoses Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey;2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziosmanpasa University Medical School, Tokat, Turkey;3. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University Medical School, Sivas, Turkey;4. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ataturk University Medical School, Erzurum, Turkey;5. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hitit University Medical School, Corum, Turkey;6. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey;7. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey;8. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;9. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;10. Department of Industrial Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Engineering, Samsun, Turkey;11. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey;2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey;3. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey;1. Faculty of Modern Medical Science, Biology Biosystematic department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science Branch, Iran;2. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran;3. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran;5. Department of Veterinary, Tehran University, Iran;6. Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Clinical Laboratory Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Iran;7. Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria;8. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;9. Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK;10. Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;11. Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Strasse 74, Hamburg, Germany;1. Department of Microbiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, SE 171 82 Sweden;3. National Veterinary Institute, SE-756 51 Sweden;4. Dept for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkopings University, SE-581 83 Sweden;5. Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases, Trabzon, Turkey;6. Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;7. Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, USA
Abstract:BackgroundCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic disease. Pathogenesis of the disease has not been well described yet. A well-known pathogenic feature of CCHF virus is its capability to damage endothelium. Increased hyaluronic acid (HA) levels indicate liver sinusoidal endothelial damage. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) play a role in the inflammatory process, vascular damage and plasma leakage.ObjectivesTo investigate whether or not there is a relationship between HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and VEGF-A serum levels and fatality in CCHF.Study designSixty-one patients who were confirmed by RT-PCR and serological tests for CCHF, included in the current study. HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, VEGF-A levels in serum samples were analyzed by ELISA.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between fatal and non-fatal CCHF patients in terms of HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A levels. In addition, AST and ALT levels were positively correlated with HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A levels.ConclusionHA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A levels of the patients that died during hospitalization were statistically significantly higher than the patients that survived, and this finding suggests that the level of these molecules could be used as a prognostic marker in CCHF.
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