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Mitochondrial-targeted nanoparticles: Delivery and therapeutic agents in cancer
Institution:1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35201, USA;2. Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Abstract:Antitumor agents are delivered via nanoparticles (NPs) to the mitochondria. The drugs attack the mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial damage and the release of cytochrome C (Cyto-C). Cyto-C binds with Apaf1 and Caspase-9 to form an apoptosome. The apoptosome activates Caspase 3, which ultimately results in the death of cancer cells.
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  • Keywords:cancer  mitochondria  nanoparticles  drug  therapy  AgNP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0035"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Silver NP  AuNP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0045"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Gold NP  CDT"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0055"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Chemodynamic therapy  CeNLC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0065"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Chlorin e-6 loaded nano-lipid carrier  CPD"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0075"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Pluronic F127‐DOX  CPT"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0085"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Camptothecin  CTPP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0095"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"3-carboxypropyl TPP  DC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0105"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Dendritic cells  DOX"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0115"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Doxorubicin  GQD"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0125"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Graphene quantum dot  GSH"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0135"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Glutathione  HK II"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0145"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Hexokinase II  HSP90"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0155"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Heat shock protein 90  ICG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0165"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Indocyanine green  IMM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0175"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Inner mitochondrial membrane  LNP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0185"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Lipid NP  M1"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0195"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Macrophage-1  mDNA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0205"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Mitochondrial DNA  MM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0215"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Mitochondrial membrane  MMP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0225"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Mitochondrial membrane potential  MOF"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0235"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Metal organic framework  MSN"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0245"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Mesoporous silica NP  NIR irradiation"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0255"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Near-infrared irradiation  NP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0265"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Nanoparticle  OMM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0275"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Outer mitochondrial membrane  OxPhos"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0285"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Oxidative phosphorylation  PDA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0295"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polydopamine  PEG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0305"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Polyethylene glycol  PI3K"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0315"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase  PLGA-b"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0325"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Poly(d  l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block  PM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0335"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Phenformin  PMS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0345"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Platelet-membrane decorated mesoporous Fe-SAzyme  PS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0355"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"photosensitizer  PTT/PDT"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0365"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"photothermal/photodynamic therapy  PTX"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0375"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Paclitaxel  ROS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0385"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Reactive oxygen species  SAzyme"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0395"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Single-atom nanozyme  Titanium dioxide  TK"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0415"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Tyrosine kinase  TME"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0425"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Tumor microenvironment  TPP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0435"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Triphenylphosphonium  UCNP"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0445"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Upconversion NP  VDAC1"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"k0455"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Voltage-dependent anion channel 1
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