新疆西伯利亚接骨木树皮提取物促进骨折愈合

文题释义：新疆西伯利亚接骨木：为忍冬科,接骨木属植物,其根皮,茎叶,花朵均可用药。在民间习用其树皮和嫩枝(夏季采嫩枝,秋季采树皮,切成小段,晒干)入药。性味辛、温、入骨和关节,具有接骨续筋、活血止痛、祛风活络之功效。主要含有三萜苷元类化合物、甾醇类化合物、酚酸类化合物、芹菜素、芦丁、花青素等多种黄酮类成分及环烯醚萜和木脂素类等。醇提法：是以乙醇提取最常用。乙醇的溶解性能比较好,对中草药细胞的穿透能力较强,难溶于水的亲脂性成分在乙醇中的溶解度也较大、提取时间也短。水提法：水是一种强的极性溶剂,中药中亲水性的成分,能被水溶出。但亲脂性强的成分不易被水溶出,而且提取物易霉坏变质。背景：研究发现接骨木根皮能通过促进成骨细胞的分裂增殖、分泌碱性磷酸酶加快骨基质钙化,促使新骨形成的同时也具有促进坏死骨的吸收作用。目的：观察新疆西伯利亚接骨木树皮2种提取物促进大鼠骨折愈合的影响。方法：将108只3月龄雄性 SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,中华跌打丸组(剂量为0.54 g/kg,阳性对照),醇提物高、中、低剂量组(剂量分别为0.314,0.157,0.078 g/kg),水提物高、中、低剂量组(剂量分别为0.340,0.170,0.085 g/kg)。除假手术组外其他各组大鼠截断股骨干中段,制作股骨开放性骨折模型,假手术组仅暴露股骨干,不做截骨。造模后第1天开始灌胃不同药物到6周(1次/d)。第2,4,6周后观察西伯利亚接骨木2种提取物对血清相关生化指标、X射线片、生物力学及苏木精-伊红染色的影响。实验方案经新疆医科大学动物实验伦理委员会批准。结果与结论：①血清生化指标：各期醇提物高剂量组血钙低于假手术组、模型组,表明醇提物高剂量组成骨速度快,其次为醇提物中、低剂量组、水提物高剂量组;醇提物高剂量血磷高于假手术组、模型组、中华跌打丸组;各期醇提物高剂量组血碱性磷酸酶显著升高于其他组,表明醇提物高剂量组成骨细胞活动旺盛,其次为水提物高剂量组;②X射线片：大鼠骨折区的愈合醇提物高剂量组显著,中华跌打丸组、水提物高、中剂量组,醇提物中剂量组良好,醇提物低剂量组、水提物低剂量组欠佳;③三点弯曲力学试验：2种提取物各组6周大鼠股骨最大载荷、最大挠度值均高于模型组,醇提物高剂量组明显升高,其次为水提物高、中剂量组,醇提物中剂量组;④苏木精-伊红染色：随时间的延长骨折区逐渐形成纤维性骨痂,骨髓腔沟通,醇提物高剂量组、水提物高剂量组骨性愈合好于其他组;⑤结果表明,2种提取物具有很好的促进骨折愈合的作用,不同的提取方法和给药剂量所产生的疗效有所不同。醇提物组促进骨折愈合的作用优于水提物组,2种提取物高剂量组优于中、低剂量组。ORCID: 0000-0002-2348-2140(吾兰·赛塔合买提)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Xinjiang Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark extract promotes fracture healing

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that Sambucus sibirica Nakai can promote osteoblast division,proliferation,and secretion of alkaline phosphatase to accelerate bone matrix calcification,promote new bone formation,and promote the absorption of necrotic bone.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of two extracts of Xinjiang Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark in promoting fracture healing in rats.METHODS:A total of 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats,3 months old,were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,Zhong Hua Die Da Wan group(0.54 g/kg,negative control group),high-,middle-and low-dose ethanol extract groups(0.314,0.157,0.078 g/kg),high-,middle,and low-dose water extract groups(0.340,0.170,0.085 g/kg).Except for the sham-operated group,the middle segment of the femoral shaft was cut off to make a model of open femoral fracture.In the sham-operated group,only the femoral shaft was exposed and no osteotomy was performed.Intragastric administration began at 1 day after modeling and continued for 6 weeks(1 time/day).At 2,4,6 weeks after modeling,the effects of two extracts of Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark on serum-related biochemical indicators,X-ray imaging,biomechanical indicators and hematoxylin-eosin staining were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Serum biochemical indicators:The serum calcium level of the high-dose ethanol extract group in each phase was lower than that of the sham-operated group and the model group,indicating that a faster osteogenesis in the high-dose ethanol extract group,followed by middle-dose ethanol extract group,low-dose ethanol extract group,and high-dose water extract group.The serum phosphorus level of ethanol extract groups was higher than that of sham-operated group,model group,and Zhong Hua Die Da Wan group;the serum alkaline phosphatase level of high-dose ethanol extract group at each stage was significantly higher than the other groups,indicating that a stronger osteoblast activity in the high-dose ethanol extract group,followed by the high-dose water extract group.(2)X-ray film:Fracture healing was significant in the high-dose ethanol extract group,fair in the Zhong Hua Die Da Wan group,high-dose water extract,middle-dose water extract group,middle-dose ethanol extract group,and poor in the low-dose ethanol extract group and low-dose water extract group.(3)Three-point bending test:At 6 weeks,the maximum load and maximum deflection of the femurs of the two extract groups were higher than those in the model group.The maximum load and maximum deflection of the femurs increased significantly in the high-dose ethanol extract group followed by the high-dose water extract group,middle-dose water extract group and middle-dose ethanol extract group.(4)Hematoxylin-eosin staining:Fibrous epiphysis gradually formed in the fracture area,and the bone marrow cavity was communicated.Bone healing was better in the high-dose ethanol extract and high-dose water extract groups than in the other groups.To conclude,these two extracts of Xinjiang Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark are capable of improving fracture healing.Moreover,different extraction methods and dosages of Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark demonstrate various effects on fracture healing.Compared with water extracts,ethanol extracts are better to promote fracture healing,and high-dose extracts have better effects than middle-and low-dose extracts.