低氧运动干预肥胖模型大鼠下丘脑Nesfatin-1和Ghrelin水平

文题释义：Ghrelin：是一种含有28个氨基酸残基的短肽,于1999年被发现,主要由胃底分泌,在下丘脑中也有表达,其可促进摄食、减少能量消耗和增加体质量,是目前发现的唯一促食欲激素。Nesfatin-1：是一种由82个氨基酸组成的神经肽,于2006年被发现,具有减少摄食、调节能量平衡和减轻体质量的作用。背景：均衡饮食和科学运动是公认的安全、有效且经济的体质量管理干预方式,但运动本身有时却提升了减肥者食欲,如果将低氧环境刺激和有氧运动干预结合,可能会收到最好的减质量效果。下丘脑作为机体调控摄食和能量平衡的中枢,其调控因子与肥胖症发病机制之间的关系备受关注。目的：观察低氧或/和运动后肥胖大鼠下丘脑nesfatin-1和ghrelin水平变化,探讨低氧或/和运动影响机体摄食和体质量的神经内分泌机制。方法：60只营养性肥胖SD大鼠均分为常氧安静组、常氧运动组、16.3%低氧安静组、16.3%低氧运动组、13.3%低氧安静组和13.3%低氧运动组,进行8周的低氧或/和运动干预。低氧环境采用低氧发生器分别营造体积分数为16.3%氧气和13.3%氧气环境,低氧干预组大鼠每天12 h在低氧环境中生活和运动;运动干预采用跑台运动方案(跑速20 m/min、坡度0°),持续时间40 min,5 d/周。记录干预期大鼠体质量、摄食量,计算干预前后Lee’s指数,用ELISA试剂盒检测干预后大鼠下丘脑nesfatin-1和ghrelin水平。结果与结论：①干预后大鼠体质量与Lee’s指数：单纯低氧环境刺激对大鼠体质量、Lee’s指数的影响没有单纯有氧运动刺激明显,而当低氧和运动结合时,其效果优于单一刺激;②干预期间大鼠日均摄食量：常氧安静组保持平稳,其余各组均减少,尤以16.3%低氧运动组、13.3%低氧运动组明显;③下丘脑nesfatin-1和ghrelin水平：低氧结合运动可影响大鼠下丘脑nesfatin-1水平,其中13.3%低氧运动组的nesfatin-1水平最高;单纯的运动或低氧均可影响大鼠下丘脑ghrelin水平,而单一运动刺激效果强于单一低氧刺激,当二者结合时降低效果更明显;④双因素方差分析：体质量和ghrelin水平受运动的影响,体质量、Lee’s指数和摄食量受氧气体积分数的影响,体质量、nesfatin-1和ghrelin水平受运动×氧气体积分数的影响;⑤结果表明,8周低氧运动可能通过影响肥胖大鼠下丘脑nesfatin-1与ghrelin水平来减少大鼠的摄食量,抑制其体质量增长,降低其Lee’s指数,但具体机制需待进一步研究。ORCID: 0000-0002-1519-7825(范锦勤)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Effects of hypoxic exercise on Nesfatin-1 and Ghrelin in hypothalamus of rats with alimentary obesity

BACKGROUND:Balanced diet and scientific exercise are generally accepted as safe,effective and economical body mass management interventions.However,exercises sometimes increase the appetite of dieters.Combining hypoxic environment stimulation with aerobic exercise intervention may achieve the best effect on weight loss.As the central part of the body that regulates food intake and energy balance,the hypothalamus is concerned about the relationship between its regulating factors and the pathogenesis of obesity.OBJECTIVE:To observe the levels of nesfatin-1 and ghrelin in the hypothalamus of obese rats,so as to explore the neuroendocrine mechanisms of feeding and body mass by hypoxia and/or exercise.METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats with alimentary obesity were divided into six groups:quiet group,aerobic exercise group,16.3%hypoxia quiet group,16.3%hypoxic exercise group,13.3%hypoxia quiet group and 13.3%hypoxic exercise group.A low-oxygen generator was used to create hypoxia environment at a volume fraction of 16.3%oxygen and 13.3%oxygen.Under hypoxia environment,the rats were continuously fed with high-fat food,and subjected to a treadmill exercise,20 m/min(0°slope),40 min/d,5 days per week for 8 continuous weeks.Body mass and food intake were recorded,and Lee’s index was calculated.Levels of nesfatin-1 and ghrelin in the rat hypothalamus were measured after intervention by means of ELISA kit.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The body mass and Lee’s index after intervention:the effect of simple hypoxic environment stimulation on body mass and Lee’s index of rats was not as obvious as that of simple aerobic exercise stimulation.When hypoxic environment was combined with exercise,the effect was better than that of single stimulation.(2)Daily food intake during the intervention period:The daily food intake remained stable in the normoxic quiet group,and decreased in all other groups decreased,especially in the 16.3%hypoxic exercise group and 13.3%hypoxic exercise group.(3)Levels of nesfinin-1 and ghrelin in the hypothalamus:hypoxia combined with exercise could change nesfinin-1 levels in the hypothalamus of rats,and the nesfinin-1 level was highest in the 13.3%hypoxic exercise group.Exercise or hypoxia alone could affect the ghrelin level in the hypothalamus of rats,and the effect of single exercise stimulation was better than that of single hypoxia stimulation.Moreover,the combination of exercise and hypoxia made a further reduction in the ghrelin level.(4)Bivariate analysis of variance:Body mass and ghrelin level were affected by exercise;body mass,Lee’s index and food intake were affected by O2 concentration;and body mass,nesfinin-1 and ghrelin levels were affected by exercise×O2 concentration.These findings indicate that 8-week hypoxic exercise may decrease the rats’food intake,inhibit the increase of body mass and reduce the Lee’s index by regulating nesfinin-1 and ghrelin levels in the hypothalamus,but the specific mechanism is not clear.