Hyperglycemia impairs antro-pyloric coordination and delays gastric emptying in conscious rats

Delayed gastric emptying has been shown in diabetes. Although it has been proposed that hyperglycemia, and not only autonomic neuropathy, contributes to the pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying, the inhibitory mechanism of hyperglycemia on gastric emptying remains unclear. We studied the effects of hyperglycemia per se on gastric emptying and postprandial gastric motility in conscious rats. Liquid and solid gastric emptying were compared between saline-infused rats and D-glucose-infused rats. Two strain gauge transducers were implanted on the antrum and pylorus and the postprandial antro-pyloric coordination was compared between euglycemia and hyperglycemia. D-glucose infusion for 30 min increased blood glucose level from 5.4 +/- 0.5 to 13.0 +/- 1.3 mM and significantly delayed gastric emptying. Forty minutes after the feeding, contractions with low frequency (<3 cycles min(-1)) and high amplitude (>15 g) of the antrum were observed. This period reflects the emptying process of the gastric content and the coordination between the antrum and pylorus was frequently observed. D-glucose infusion significantly reduced feeding-induced antral contractions and abolished the number of episodes of antro-pyloric coordination. Sham feeding-induced gastric contractions were also significantly reduced by hyperglycemia. Postprandial antro-pyloric coordination was not observed in vagotomized rats, suggesting a mediation of vagus nerve. It is concluded that hyperglycemia impairs antral contractions and antro-pyloric coordination in rats. The inhibitory effect of hyperglycemia on gastric emptying is mediated, at least in part, via impaired vagal activity.