Effect of MMP-1 promoter polymorphisms on GCF MMP-1 levels and outcome of periodontal therapy in patients with severe chronic periodontitis

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) promoter polymorphisms in severe chronic periodontitis (CP), (2) the relationship of periodontal therapy outcome with these genotypes, and (3) the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP‐1 levels–MMP‐1 genotype correlation. Material and Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 102 patients with severe CP and 98 periodontally healthy subjects. MMP‐1 ?519A/G and ?1607 1G/2G polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. Fifty‐eight CP patients received non‐surgical periodontal therapy and were followed for 6 months. Clinical periodontal parameters and GCF samples were collected at baseline and at 6 months. GCF MMP‐1 levels were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The distribution of MMP‐1 genotypes did not significantly differ between the study groups. On the other hand, the ?1607 2G allele frequency of severe CP patients was higher than that of healthy subjects. MMP‐1 ?519G allele carriers had higher GCF MMP‐1 levels and percentage of sites with 4–6 mm clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with AA genotypes after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (p<0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that the ?1607 2G polymorphic allele of the MMP‐1 gene could be associated with susceptibility to severe CP in the Turkish population. It seems that ?519AG and GG genotypes could play a role in the outcome of periodontal therapy.