Embolism detected by transoesophageal echocardiography during hip arthroplasty

This case report demonstrates embolization of echogenic material detected by transoesophageal echocardiography during a cemented total hip arthroplasty in a 76- yr- old woman without patent foramen ovale. During the placement of the acetabular and femoral components, and during relocation of the hip joint, a “snow flurry” appearing in the right atrium was followed by several highly echogenic and mobile emboli of various sizes, some of them with a vermiform shape 1 to 5 cm long. At skin closure, echogenic material was seen in the right branch of the pulmonary artery adherent to the vascular wall of the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. No changes were observed in any haemodynamic variable monitored (heart rate, systemic and right atrial pressures). Also, no desaturation was detected by pulse oximetry and blood gases at the time of embolism and there was no decrease in PetCO₂. This case report is in line with other studies which failed to show a haemodynamic impact of TEE detected emboli during THA.