中草药干燥加工现状及发展趋势

干燥过程是影响中草药质量和药效的重要环节, 干燥结果直接影响着产品的使用和经济价值。该文综述了中药材的干燥技术、干燥模型和干燥过程中有效成分降解规律的研究现状及发展趋势。针对中草药的干燥技术, 分别分析了阴干、晒干和烘干的传统干燥技术及气体射流冲击、真空脉动、中短波红外、射频等新型干燥技术的优缺点及对中草药物料的适用范围; 对于干燥模型, 论述了理论模型、半理论模型和经验模型在中草药干燥加工中的应用; 以生物碱类、黄酮类、多糖类和色素类为代表性中草药药用成分指标, 论述了干燥过程中降解的影响因素及变化规律。明确中草药各类干燥技术的特性和有效成分的降解规律、建立合适的干燥模型, 以期为不同类型的中草药选用合适的干燥技术及工艺提供理论依据。 

Present Situation and Developing Trend on Drying of Chinese Herbs

Drying is a key process which affects the quality and efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine. The product usage and economic value are directly influenced by the drying results. In this paper, the drying technology, drying models and the effective constituent degradation regulation of Chinese herbals were reviewed. As to drying technology, the advantages and disadvantages as well as adaptive of traditional drying methods including shading drying, sun drying and hot air drying and modernly drying methods containing air implement drying, vacuum pulsed drying, medium short-wave infrared drying, and radio-frequency drying were analyzed in detail. In drying model section, the application of theoretical model, semi-theoretical model and empirical model were illustrated. Taking alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides and pigments as the representative indexes of Chinese herbal medicine, the degradation influencing factors and changing regulation were discussed. It is necessary to understand the drying characteristic of the different Chinese herbs drying technology and the degradation regulation of the medicinal component and to establish a suitable drying model, which can provide a theoretical foundation different types of Chinese herbal medicine to choose appropriate drying technology and process.