Isolation and identification of an enterovirus 77 recovered from a refugee child from Kosovo, and characterization of the complete virus genome

The complete nucleotide sequence of an enterovirus 77 isolate is reported. The virus designated FR/CF496-99 (France/Clermont-Ferrand 496-1999) was recovered from the feces of a 4-year-old child hospitalized for Salmonella gastroenteritis. The virus was identified by a molecular typing assay based on the genomic sequence encoding the VP1 capsid protein. The phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 sequence demonstrated that the enterovirus isolated in the child clustered with viruses included in the human enterovirus B species (HEV-B) and was most closely related to enterovirus 77. A sliding window analysis of the complete genome showed an overall nucleotide similarity >80% between the P3 genomic region of the FR/CF496-99 isolate and that of the echovirus 30 prototype strain. A comparative analysis based on partial 3D(pol) sequences showed that the FR/CF496-99 virus was more closely related to recent enteroviruses from different serotypes and different geographical areas than to the prototype strains collected in the 1950s. This suggests that, in this enterovirus, the 3D(pol) encoding sequence is of recent origin.