CT扫描确定胸中段食管癌手术入路

目的:探讨术前CT扫描确定胸中段食管癌手术入路的意义。方法:选择87例胸中段食管癌患者行术前胸部强化CT扫描检查(观察组),根据CT结果确定手术路径:若肿瘤与主动脉关系密切选择经左胸手术;若肿瘤侵犯奇静脉,选择Ivor-Lewis路径;其余患者根据纵隔淋巴结转移确定手术路径。另选择同期术前未行CT扫描检查、常规行Ivor-Lewis手术的118例胸中段食管癌患者为对照组。采用χ2检验及t检验比较两组肿瘤切除率及阳性淋巴结率的差别。结果:CT扫描对N分期的敏感度为74.7%(65/87),特异度为60%(39/65)。CT诊断肿瘤侵犯主动脉的敏感度为21.8%(19/87),特异度为26.3%(5/19)。观察组的肿瘤切除率为92%,对照组为81.4%,两者差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组清扫淋巴结15±2.46个,对照组清扫12±1.75个,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。清扫的淋巴结中,观察组的阳性淋巴结占63.2%,对照组占52.6%,两者差别显著(P<0.05)。结论:对胸中段食管癌患者可采用Ivor-Lewis手术,但若术前CT扫描有明显主动脉受侵犯或(和)左侧淋巴结转移为主时,应经左胸路径施行手术,以期提高肿瘤根治切除率。

Operative approach in patients with carcinoma of the middle third of esophagus determined by preoperative CT scan

Purpose:To explore the rational operative approach in patients with carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus by T and N status as determined by preoperative CT scan. Methods:87 cases with carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus chosen for the operative approach by CT findings entered the observational group, 118 cases with carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus who were not scanned by CT were put into the control group. The observational group adopted different operative approaches by the relationship between the primary tumour and the aorta,and the relationship between the primary tumour and the azygos vein,and by the metastasis of regional lymph nodes. The operative approaches were chosen as follows:if the aorta was not involved, the operative approaches were chosen by the metastastatic status of the regional lymph nodes; left thoracoabdominal approaches were chosen,if the aorta was involved,and Ivor-Lewis operation was involved if the azygos vein was involved.The control group adopted the Ivor-Lewis operation. The rate of resection between two groups and the difference in positivity rates of the resected regional lymph node were analysed by chi-square test and T test. Results:Sensitivity of N staging by CT scan was 74.7%(65/87), and specificity of N staging was 60%(39/65). Sensitivity of diagnosis of the aorta involved by tumour by CT scan was 21.8%(19/87), and specificity was (26.3%)(5/19). The rate of resection in the observational group was 92%, and the rate of resection in the control group was'81.4%. Both were markedly different,P<0.05, The comparison of the resected regional lymph node between the two groups was also significant,P<0.05. Conclusions:Ivor-Lewis operation was routinely chosen to treat the patients with carcinoma of the middle third of esophagus , except for cases whose tumours involved the aorta and/or involvement of left lymph nodes by CT scan,then the latter was treated by left thoracoabdominal approach or left thoracoabdominal cervical approach.