疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒相关病例的研究进展

目的了解脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗衍生病毒(VDPV)的发生情况和影响因素,探讨降低VDVP发生的有效措施。方法对口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)引发的VDVP的分类、发生情况,病毒型别分布,人群分布,OPV免疫剂次与VDVP发生的关系进行综述。结果全球已报告多起疫苗相关性脊灰事件,病毒型别主要为Ⅱ型,其次为Ⅰ型。VDVP的发生主要与疫苗株病毒的基因突变、重组有关。机体免疫缺陷者更易发生。结论在消灭脊灰的后期,消除VDVP将成为消灭脊灰的重要工作内容,为此,有关学者建议停止使用OPV,改用脊灰灭活疫苗或两种疫苗相结合的序贯免疫程序。

Progress in research on vaccine derived polio virus related polio case

Objective To understand the incidence of vaccine derived polio virus (VDPV) related polio and related factors and provide evidence for VDPV related polio prevention and control. Methods Literature review on oral polio vaccine (OPV) caused polio was conducted to understand the incidence of VDPV related polio, population distribution and virus types. Results Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases have been reported in the world, which were mainly caused by polio virus typeⅡ and type Ⅰ. VDPV were the result of the gene mutation and genetic recombination of vaccine strain virus. Persons who are immune defect are prone to be affected by VDPV. Conclusion VDPV eradication is essential in the late stage of polio eradication. Some scholars have suggested to use inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) instead of OPV, or the combination of OPV and IPV.