2005-2013年陇南市汶川地震前后黑热病流行特点研究

目的 调查甘肃陇南地区2005-2013年黑热病的发病情况,分析黑热病流行的原因及其受汶川地震的影响。方法 收集2005-2012年黑热病的发病例数,计算发病率,分析地震前后黑热病流行病学特点。结果 在2005-2013年期间,陇南地区黑热病总发病数为825例,年发病率为3.36/10万;黑热病年发病人数在2005-2008年期间有明显上升趋势,2010-2013年期间有明显下降趋势,2008-2010年期间发病人数明显高于其他年份(P ＜ 0.01)。结论 黑热病是陇南地区最常见的人兽共患病,汶川地震所产生复杂的自然和社会环境有利于黑热病流行。因此,本研究充分证明,地震有利于黑热病流行,地震后黑热病应得到更加严格的防控。

Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis before and after the Wenchuan earthquake in Longnan City,China, 2005-2013

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease, which is still endemic in western China. An earthquake struck south-western China on May 12^th, 2008, which affected Longnan City of Gansu Province considerably. The objective of this survey is to determine the effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the Kala-azar epidemic in Longnan City. In this study, VL cases were collected from 2005 to 2013 and diagnosed on positive test for anti-rK39IgG antibodies by the Kala-azar Detect rK39 dip-stick (InBios, USA). The incidence rates were calculated among various counties of Longnan City with SPSS 19.0 software. The epidemiological characteristics of the disease were analyzed before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. From 2005 to 2013, there were 825 VL cases in Longnan City, with an annual incidence of 3.36/100 000 and a significantly higher incidence in males than that in females (P<0.001). All age groups were affected. During this period, there was an obvious upward trend from 2005 to 2008, and a distinct downward tendency since 2010. The incidences of VL between 2008 and 2010 were significantly different with that in other years (P<0.01). Results revealed that VL was widespread in Longnan City, which was likely exacerbated by the earthquake in 2008. Earthquake created diverse natural environment and social circumstances, which may contribute to the spread of the VL epidemic. Together, our data strongly suggest that the epidemic of VL should be closely monitored after earthquake.