超临界二氧化碳流体发泡技术制备组织工程支架及其泡孔形貌控制研究进展

组织工程支架作为细胞生长的载体，在组织工程再生组织的研究中具有非常重要的地位。传统方法在三维支架的理论研究与制备技术方面均已趋于成熟，但制备过程仍存在工艺复杂，有机溶剂难以去除，制备条件不利于保持生物分子活性等问题。近年来，超临界二氧化碳流体技术利用优越的传质性与环境友好性，已广泛用于制备各种三维结构的组织工程支架，其中以超临界发泡技术最为经典。三维多孔支架在超临界发泡技术制备过程中，泡孔形貌受材料性质、致孔剂种类及工艺参数等方面的影响。本文就采用该技术制备的多孔支架研究进展及存在的问题进行综述，同时对该技术控制泡孔形貌的发展方向提出展望。

Research Progress in Study of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and their Pore Morphologies by Supercritical CO2 Foaming Technology

As a carrier for the cell growth, tissue engineering scaffolds play important roles in the development of tissue engineered tissue. Conventional methods have been widely studied in manufacture of three dimension scaffolds. However, there are still some obstacles, such as the complication in process, removing organic solvents completely and maintaining the bioactivity of biomolecules loaded. Due to its environment friendship and high diffusion rate, the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) technology, particularly the supercritical foaming process, has been widely exploited for producing tissue engineering scaffolds. The pore morphologies of the resulting scaffolds are largely dependent on physical and chemical parameters including the chemical composition, porogen and processing parameters. This article mainly reviews the development of tissue engineering scaffolds and the study of their pore morphologies by supercritical CO₂ foaming technology. Advices regarding existing problems and prospective research are also proposed.