The Influence of Iron Ions on Optical Brighteners and Their Application to Cotton Fabrics |
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| Authors: | Tihana Dekanić ,Tanja Puš ić ,Ivo Soljač ić ,Branka Vojnović ,Julija Volmajer Valh |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.D.); (T.P.); (I.S.);2.Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3.Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; |
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| Abstract: | The influence of iron ions at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L on optical brighteners of the groups stilbene and biphenyl in solution and on cotton fabric was investigated. Both groups of optical brighteners are intended for detergent formulations. The influence of iron ions was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectra in solution and by whiteness degree, identifying color differences using CIEL*a*b* coordinates and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of cotton fabrics. The obtained results in solutions and cotton fabrics showed different behavior of optical brighteners stilbene and biphenyl in the presence of iron. Stilbene compounds with metal ions produced new species capable of absorbing in the UV-B region of the spectrum. A biphenyl compound in combination with iron had no effect on the absorption properties. Both optical brighteners were influenced by iron ions in the sense of fluorescence quenching. The influence of iron ions in single- and two-bath treatments of cotton fabrics after one cycle on whiteness degree and UPF was negligible. |
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| Keywords: | optical brighteners solutions iron ions absorption fluorescence cotton fabric whiteness degree Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) |
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