针灸经穴的数字解剖学研究

目的 探索人体经穴的解剖学构成和针灸疗法的机制。方法 在男、女图像数据集的基础上，通过图像分割和三维重建，构建了人体全身筋膜结缔组织的网状结构支架，与传统中医针灸疗法的刺激部位进行对比分析。结果 根据筋膜所处的解剖学部位可分为5类：1．真皮的网状层和乳头层致密结缔组织；2．皮下疏松结缔组织；3．肌间隔疏松结缔组织；4．神经血管束疏松结缔组织；5．内脏器官门及被膜疏松结缔组织。将构建的筋膜与中医针灸的刺激部位进行比较，数字人研究结果显示，中医针灸治疗的解剖学基础可能是分布于全身的筋膜结缔组织。结论 人体可能存在由结缔组织筋膜构成的维持机体内环境稳定的功能系统——自体监控系统。该系统可能是针灸疗法的解剖学基础。

A STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICAL BASIS OF CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION FROM DIGITAL HUMAN BODY

Objective To explore visible structures of channel points and mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in Chinese medicine. Methods The images from a digital dataset of two human cadavers (male and female) were divided and reconstructed with 3-D, in order to generate a cancellated frame of the fascia and connective tissues for whole bodies. The reconstructed frame was compared with the sites of channels and acupoints in Chinese medicine. Results The areas where the fascia were located can be classified to five sorts according to the reconstruction.They were: 1.The dense connective tissue in the dermal reticular layer and papillary. 2.The loose connective tissue in the subcutaneous layer. 3.The loose connective tissue in the intermuscular septa. 4.The loose connective tissue around the neurovascular tracts,and 5.The loose connective tissue at the visceral hili and tunicae. The locations for being stimulated by treatment of acupuncture in Chinese medicine are well matched with the fascia and connective tissues of the human body through the comparison of the data from the digital human bodies. Conclusion There might be a functional system which consists of the fascia and connective tissues in the human body and it may represent the anatomical basis for the therapeutic effects of the acupuncture.