白细胞去除及其临床应用进展

输血可因输入同种异体血液及其制剂而导致白细胞介导的输血反应及输血相关病毒的传播。去除血液及其制剂中白细胞则可有效地减低免疫抑制效应及传播病毒的危险。成分血液因制备时采用白膜法,通常可去除全血中2／3的白细胞。采用白细胞专用滤器,则可去除血液中99．9％的白细胞,可以明显减少白细胞介导的输血反应,如非溶血性发热性输血反应和移植物抗宿主病。白细胞去除可减少输血传播病毒的危险。另外,白细胞去除对治疗心外科病人因白细胞介导的炎症和器官再灌注损伤、溃疡性结肠炎以及一些自身免疫性和神经性疾病等均有重要作用。

Leucocyte Removal and Its Clinical Application

Blood transfusion leads to leucocyte-mediated adverse reactions related to the transfusion of leucocytes in allogeneic blood and blood products. The leucocytes are also capable of transmitting virus infection. Leucocyte depletion of homologous blood products can effectively reduce the immunosuppressive effect as well as minimize the likelihood of transmitting virus. Blood component transfusion is generally "buffy-coat-poor", which removes about two thirds of the leucocytes present in whole blood. Using special filters, blood component can be filtrated 99.9% of the leucocytes. Leucocyte-depletion using filter should significantly lessen the leucocyte-mediated transfusion adverse reactions, such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions and graft versus host disease. At the same time, leucocyte filtration can decrease the risk of transmitting virus. Otherwise, leucocyte-depletion plays very important role in the treatment of cardiac surgical patients to attenuate leukocyte-mediated inflammation and organ reperfusion injury, the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and the treatment intractable diseases such as autoimmune and neurologic diseases.