广州市中小学生减肥行为及其影响因素研究

目的 了解目前广州市中小学生减肥行为的情况，分析其影响因素，为制定学生健康教育措施提供参考。方法 2004年3～4月，分层随机整群抽取广州市8所小学四至六年级、9所中学初一至高三的8222名学生进行问卷调查。结果 认为自己体重偏重和太重的学生中只有19．4％是真正超重和肥胖的，有73．8％的人在调查前的1个月中曾经通过锻炼的方式来减肥或防止增重。有23．4％的男生和31．5％的女生报告近一月内有不良减肥行为(节食、长时间绝食、无指导服减肥药、催吐或腹泻行为)，其中以通过节食、减少热卡或脂肪的摄入来减肥或防止增重为主，占26．1％，女生的发生率(31．5％)明显高于男生(23．4％)(P＜0．01)；多元非条件Logistic回归分析表明：超重与肥胖、性别、学生类别(初中生)、消极和焦虑情绪和学习成绩与青少年不良减肥行为显著相关，其OR值分别为4．135、1．853、1．157、1．386、1．138和1．093。结论 中小学生是不良减肥行为预防和控制的重点人群，提倡在中小学生中开展有针对性的健康教育来预防和控制中小学生的不良减肥行为。

A Study on Unhealthy Weight Controlling Behaviors and Affecting Factors in Primary and Middle School Students in Guangzhou

Objective To collect the base information of weight controlling behaviors among primary and middle school students of Guangzhou, and analyze the relative factors, provide evidences for health education policy making. Method A questionnaire was used in 8 primary and 9 middle schools from March to April in 2004 in Guangzhou to investigate 8 222 students in grade four to six of primary schools and grade one to three of junior and senior middle schools. Results Only 19.4% of students who thought they were overweight or obesity were real overweight and obesity. To lose weight or to avoid gaining weight during the 30 days prior to the survey, 73.8% of students had exercised, 23.4% of boys and 31.5% of girls had reported unhealthy weight reducing behaviors such as dieting, starving for long time, taking diet pill, and self- inducing vomiting. 26.1% of students reduce weight or avoid gaing weight in way of going on diet, and reducing intaking of food with high calory of fat. The rate of girls was significantly higher than the boys'(P<0.01). Stepwise Logistic regression analysis indicated that the unhealthy weight controlling behaviors were associated with overweight or obesity, gender, student type (junior middle school), districts and depress, anxiety, and school performance. Conclusion Primary and middle school students are focal target population for preventing unhealthy weight controlling. It is necessary to develop health education on nutrition evaluation and weight management in primary and middle school students, and implement directive individual intervention.